- openGauss的模式是对数据库做一个逻辑分割。
- 所有的数据库对象都建立在模式下面。
- openGauss的模式和用户是弱绑定的,所谓的弱绑定是指虽然创建用户的同时会自动创建一个同名模式,但用户也可以单独创建模式,并且为用户指定其他的模式。
- 在一个数据库中,可以有多个模式。模式可以把一组对象组织在一起。这样组织机构有多少个应用,我们可以将数据库对象组织成几个模式;组织机构有几个部门,也可以为该部门创建单独的模式。
- 默认情况下,用户将访问数据库的public模式。
学习目标
模式管理包括为数据库创建模式、删除模式、查看和设置模式的搜索路径、查看模式中的信息。
课程作业
0.环境准备
openGauss=# create tablespace schm_tbs relative location 'tablespace/schm_tbs';
CREATE TABLESPACE
openGauss=# create database schmdb with tablespace=schm_tbs;
CREATE DATABASE
openGauss=# \c schmdb
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "schmdb" as user "omm".
1.创建一个名为testsm、testsm1的模式
schmdb=# create schema testsm;
CREATE SCHEMA
schmdb=# create schema testsm1;
CREATE SCHEMA
schmdb=# \dn
List of schemas
Name | Owner
-----------------+-------
blockchain | omm
cstore | omm
db4ai | omm
dbe_perf | omm
dbe_pldebugger | omm
dbe_pldeveloper | omm
dbe_sql_util | omm
pkg_service | omm
public | omm
snapshot | omm
sqladvisor | omm
testsm | omm
testsm1 | omm
(13 rows)
2.创建一个用户john, 并将testsm的owner修改为john,且修改owner前后分别使用\dn+查看模式信息
1) 查看\dn+
schmdb=# \dn+
List of schemas
Name | Owner | Access privileges | Description | WithBlockChain
-----------------+-------+-------------------+----------------------------------+----------------
blockchain | omm | | blockchain schema | f
cstore | omm | | reserved schema for DELTA tables | f
db4ai | omm | omm=UC/omm +| db4ai schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
dbe_perf | omm | | dbe_perf schema | f
dbe_pldebugger | omm | omm=UC/omm +| dbe_pldebugger schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
dbe_pldeveloper | omm | omm=UC/omm +| dbe_pldeveloper schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
dbe_sql_util | omm | omm=UC/omm +| sql util schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
pkg_service | omm | | pkg_service schema | f
public | omm | omm=UC/omm +| standard public schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
snapshot | omm | | snapshot schema | f
sqladvisor | omm | omm=UC/omm +| sqladvisor schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
testsm | omm | | | f
testsm1 | omm | | | f
(13 rows)
2)创建用户john
schmdb=# create user john identified by 'kunpeng@1234';
CREATE ROLE
3)将testsm的owner修改为john
schmdb=# alter schema testsm owner to john;
ALTER SCHEMA
4)再次查看\dn+
schmdb=# \dn+
List of schemas
Name | Owner | Access privileges | Description | WithBlockChain
-----------------+-------+-------------------+----------------------------------+----------------
blockchain | omm | | blockchain schema | f
cstore | omm | | reserved schema for DELTA tables | f
db4ai | omm | omm=UC/omm +| db4ai schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
dbe_perf | omm | | dbe_perf schema | f
dbe_pldebugger | omm | omm=UC/omm +| dbe_pldebugger schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
dbe_pldeveloper | omm | omm=UC/omm +| dbe_pldeveloper schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
dbe_sql_util | omm | omm=UC/omm +| sql util schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
john | john | | | f
pkg_service | omm | | pkg_service schema | f
public | omm | omm=UC/omm +| standard public schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
snapshot | omm | | snapshot schema | f
sqladvisor | omm | omm=UC/omm +| sqladvisor schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
testsm | john | | | f
testsm1 | omm | | | f
(14 rows)
3.重命名testsm为testsm2
1)重命名testsm为testsm2
schmdb=# alter schema testsm rename to testsm2;
ALTER SCHEMA
2)再次查看\dn+
schmdb=# \dn+
List of schemas
Name | Owner | Access privileges | Description | WithBlockChain
-----------------+-------+-------------------+----------------------------------+----------------
blockchain | omm | | blockchain schema | f
cstore | omm | | reserved schema for DELTA tables | f
db4ai | omm | omm=UC/omm +| db4ai schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
dbe_perf | omm | | dbe_perf schema | f
dbe_pldebugger | omm | omm=UC/omm +| dbe_pldebugger schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
dbe_pldeveloper | omm | omm=UC/omm +| dbe_pldeveloper schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
dbe_sql_util | omm | omm=UC/omm +| sql util schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
john | john | | | f
pkg_service | omm | | pkg_service schema | f
public | omm | omm=UC/omm +| standard public schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
snapshot | omm | | snapshot schema | f
sqladvisor | omm | omm=UC/omm +| sqladvisor schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
testsm1 | omm | | | f
testsm2 | john | | | f
(14 rows)
4.在模式testsm1中建表t1、插入记录和查询记录
1)在数据库schmdb模式testsm1中创建表,插入一条记录
schmdb=# create table testsm1.t1(col1 char(20));
CREATE TABLE
schmdb=# insert into testsm1.t1 values('hello testsm1');
INSERT 0 1
schmdb=# select * from testsm1.t1;
col1
----------------------
hello testsm1
(1 row)
2)使用元命令\dt查询
schmdb=# \dt
No relations found.
5.在会话级设置模式搜索顺序
1)在会话级设置模式搜索为testsm1
schmdb=# set search_path to testsm1;
SET
2)查询search_path
schmdb=# show search_path;
search_path
-------------
testsm1
(1 row)
3)使用元命令\dt查询表信息,得到返回列表
schmdb=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
---------+------------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
testsm1 | t1 | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
testsm1 | tb_testsm1 | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)
4)再次查询t1表,不加schema前缀,得到返回结果
schmdb=# select * from t1;
col1
----------------------
hello testsm1
(1 row)
6.在数据库级设置模式搜索顺序
1)设置数据库schmdb的模式搜索为testsm2;
schmdb=# alter database schmdb set search_path to testsm2;
ALTER DATABASE
2)当前会话查询search_path,仍为testsm1
schmdb=# show search_path;
search_path
-------------
testsm1
(1 row)
3)退出重新登录schmdb,再次查看search_path已经显示为testsm2
schmdb=# \q
[omm@hecs-30579 ~]$ gsql -d schmdb -p 26000 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
schmdb=# show search_path;
search_path
-------------
testsm2
(1 row)
7.在用户级设置模式搜索顺序
1)使用用户john登录schmdb,查看search_path,显示testsm2
schmdb=# \c schmdb john
Password for user john:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "schmdb" as user "john".
schmdb=> show search_path;
search_path
-------------
testsm2
(1 row)
2)查看\dn+信息,显示john拥有两个schema:john和testsm2
chmdb=> \dn+
List of schemas
Name | Owner | Access privileges | Description | WithBlockChain
-----------------+-------+-------------------+----------------------------------+----------------
blockchain | | | blockchain schema | f
cstore | | | reserved schema for DELTA tables | f
db4ai | | omm=UC/omm +| db4ai schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
dbe_perf | | | dbe_perf schema | f
dbe_pldebugger | | omm=UC/omm +| dbe_pldebugger schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
dbe_pldeveloper | | omm=UC/omm +| dbe_pldeveloper schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
dbe_sql_util | | omm=UC/omm +| sql util schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
john | john | | | f
pkg_service | | | pkg_service schema | f
public | | omm=UC/omm +| standard public schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
snapshot | | | snapshot schema | f
sqladvisor | | omm=UC/omm +| sqladvisor schema | f
| | =U/omm | |
testsm1 | | | | f
testsm2 | john | | | f
(14 rows)
3)修改用户john的search_path为testsm1,当前会话查询search_path仍然显示为testsm2
schmdb=> alter user john set search_path to testsm1;
ALTER ROLE
schmdb=>
schmdb=> show search_path;
search_path
-------------
testsm2
(1 row)
4)用户john连接到postgres库,再次查看search_path,显示为testsm1
schmdb=> \c postgres john
Password for user john:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "john".
openGauss=> show search_path;
search_path
-------------
testsm1
(1 row)
最后修改时间:2022-12-06 15:44:57
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