openGauss每日一练第13天 |逻辑结构:表管理1
openGauss逻辑结构:表管理1
学习目标
学习openGauss表的创建、搜索路径和访问方法等
课程学习
1.实验准备:
--创建表空间enmtbs、数据库enmdb、用户user1,并授予用户user1 SYSADMIN权限:
root@modb:~# su - omm
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/enmtbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# CREATE DATABASE enmdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=# CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# ALTER USER user1 SYSADMIN;
ALTER ROLE
omm=# \q
--以数据库用户user1的身份,连接到刚刚创建的数据库enmdb:
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
enmdb=>
--执行下面的SQL语句,创建enmschm1、enmschm2模式
enmdb=> create schema enmschm1;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=> create schema enmschm2;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=>
2.创建表
默认情况下,在某个数据库上创建的数据库对象(本例是表testtable),都位于该数据库中的public模式中。
--查看默认搜索路径:
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=>
--创建一个测试表testtable,并插入一条数据:
enmdb=> drop table if exists testtable;
NOTICE: table "testtable" does not exist, skipping
DROP TABLE
enmdb=> create table testtable(col varchar(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable!');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
col
-----------------------
Hello from testtable!
(1 row)
enmdb=>
--查看当前数据库enmdb下的public模式有哪些表:
enmdb=> select table_catalog,table_schema,table_name,table_type
enmdb-> from information_schema.tables
enmdb-> where table_schema = 'public';
table_catalog | table_schema | table_name | table_type
---------------+--------------+------------+------------
enmdb | public | testtable | BASE TABLE
(1 row)
enmdb=>
3.在不同的模式(public和enmschm1),可以创建同名的表testtable
前面2的实验是在public模式下创建表testtable,下面是在模式enmschm1中创建同名的表testtable:
--执行下面的命令,查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=>
--执行下面的命令,在会话级重新设置模式搜索路径为模式enmschm1:
SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1;
--执行下面的命令,再次查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
enmdb=> SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1;
SET
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
-------------
enmschm1
(1 row)
enmdb=>
--在数据库enmdb的模式enmschm1中创建表testtable:
enmdb=> create table testtable(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
----------+-----------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
enmschm1 | testtable | table | user1 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)
enmdb=>
4.为enmschm1模式下的testtable插入一条测试数据
由于当前的模式搜索顺序为模式enmschm1,因此不需要指定模式名,就可以为enmschm1.testtable插入新行。
enmdb=> insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!
(1 row)
enmdb=>
- 使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法访问表
虽然当前模式搜索顺序没有模式enmschm2,但是我们仍然可以在模式enmschm2中创建表,方法是使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法,来指定在哪个模式下创建、插入、查询表。
--执行下面的命令,查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
-------------
enmschm1
(1 row)
enmdb=>
--执行下面的SQL语句,将在数据库enmdb的模式enmschm2中创建表testtable、testtable1、testtable2:
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable1(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable2(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=>
--并向模式enmschm2中新创建的表testtable,插入一行数据:
enmdb=> insert into enmschm2.testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=>
--查看表中内容:
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.testtable;
col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!
(1 row)
enmdb=> \q
omm@modb:~$
6.openGauss在一个用户连接到enmdb数据库时,可以访问不同模式中的表。
-- 以数据库用户user1的身份,连接到数据库enmdb:
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
enmdb=>
--查看当前会话的模式搜索顺序
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=>
-- 查看不同模式下的表
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
col
-----------------------
Hello from testtable!
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm1.testtable;
col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.testtable;
col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!
(1 row)
enmdb=>
课程作业
1.创建一个表(默认,不指定模式),查看该表在那个模式下
create table t1 (id int,info textomm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# create table t1 (id int,info text);
CREATE TABLE
omm=# \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
public | t1 | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)
omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$
2.使用一个用户连接到enmdb数据库,测试该用户可以访问不同模式中的表
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
enmdb=> show search_path ;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=>
enmdb=> create schema schema1;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=> create schema schema2;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=> create schema schema3;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=> create table schema1.t1 (id int,info text);
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> create table schema2.t2 (id int,info text);
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> create table schema3.t3 (id int,info text);
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into schema1.t1 values(1,'schema1');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> insert into schema2.t2 values(2,'schema2');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> insert into schema3.t3 values(3,'schema3');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from schema1.t1;
id | info
----+---------
1 | schema1
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from schema2.t2;
id | info
----+---------
2 | schema2
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from schema3.t3;
id | info
----+---------
3 | schema3
(1 row)
enmdb=>
3.在会话级设置模式搜索路径为:模式enmschm1,使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法访问表(创建表、插入数据和查询表中数据)
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
enmdb=> show search_path ;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=> set search_path = enmschm1;
SET
enmdb=> show search_path ;
search_path
-------------
enmschm1
(1 row)
enmdb=> create table schema1.t11 (id int,info text);
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> create table schema2.t22 (id int,info text);
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> create table schema3.t33 (id int,info text);
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into schema1.t11 values(11,'schema11');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> insert into schema2.t22 values(22,'schema22');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> insert into schema3.t33 values(33,'schema33');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from schema1.t11;
id | info
----+----------
11 | schema11
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from schema2.t22;
id | info
----+----------
22 | schema22
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from schema3.t33;
id | info
----+----------
33 | schema33
(1 row)
enmdb=>
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