学习目标
学习openGauss表的创建、搜索路径和访问方法等
课程学习
1.实验准备:
--创建表空间enmtbs、数据库enmdb、用户user1,并授予用户user1 SYSADMIN权限:
su - omm
gsql -r
CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/enmtbs1';
CREATE DATABASE enmdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;
CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
ALTER USER user1 SYSADMIN;
\q
--以数据库用户user1的身份,连接到刚刚创建的数据库enmdb:
gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
--执行下面的SQL语句,创建enmschm1、enmschm2模式
create schema enmschm1;
create schema enmschm2;
执行过程如下:
[root@opengauss ~]# su - omm
上一次登录:二 12月 6 09:12:17 CST 2022pts/0 上
[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/enmtbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# CREATE DATABASE enmdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=# CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
CREATE ROLE
omm=# ALTER USER user1 SYSADMIN;
ALTER ROLE
omm=# \q
[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
enmdb=> create schema enmschm1;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=> create schema enmschm2;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=>2.创建表
默认情况下,在某个数据库上创建的数据库对象(本例是表testtable),都位于该数据库中的public模式中。--查看默认搜索路径:
show SEARCH_PATH;
--创建一个测试表testtable,并插入一条数据:
drop table if exists testtable;
create table testtable(col varchar(100));
insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable!');
select * from testtable;
--查看当前数据库enmdb下的public模式有哪些表:
select table_catalog,table_schema,table_name,table_type
from information_schema.tables
where table_schema = 'public';
执行过程如下:
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=> drop table if exists testtable;
NOTICE: table "testtable" does not exist, skipping
DROP TABLE
enmdb=> create table testtable(col varchar(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable!');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
col
-----------------------
Hello from testtable!
(1 row)
enmdb=> select table_catalog,table_schema,table_name,table_type from information_schema.tables where table_schema = 'public';
table_catalog | table_schema | table_name | table_type
---------------+--------------+------------+------------
enmdb | public | testtable | BASE TABLE
(1 row)
enmdb=>3.在不同的模式(public和enmschm1),可以创建同名的表testtable
前面2的实验是在public模式下创建表testtable,下面是在模式enmschm1中创建同名的表testtable:--执行下面的命令,查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
show SEARCH_PATH;
--执行下面的命令,在会话级重新设置模式搜索路径为模式enmschm1:
SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1;
--执行下面的命令,再次查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
show SEARCH_PATH;
--在数据库enmdb的模式enmschm1中创建表testtable:
create table testtable(col1 char(100));
\dt
执行过程如下:
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=> SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1;
SET
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
-------------
enmschm1
(1 row)
enmdb=> create table testtable(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
----------+-----------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
enmschm1 | testtable | table | user1 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)
enmdb=> 4.为enmschm1模式下的testtable插入一条测试数据
由于当前的模式搜索顺序为模式enmschm1,因此不需要指定模式名,就可以为enmschm1.testtable插入新行。insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!');select * from testtable;
enmdb=> insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!
(1 row)
enmdb=> 5.使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法访问表
虽然当前模式搜索顺序没有模式enmschm2,但是我们仍然可以在模式enmschm2中创建表,方法是使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法,来指定在哪个模式下创建、插入、查询表。--执行下面的命令,查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
show SEARCH_PATH;
--执行下面的SQL语句,将在数据库enmdb的模式enmschm2中创建表testtable、testtable1、testtable2:
create table enmschm2.testtable(col1 char(100));
create table enmschm2.testtable1(col1 char(100));
create table enmschm2.testtable2(col1 char(100));
--并向模式enmschm2中新创建的表testtable,插入一行数据:
insert into enmschm2.testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!');
--查看表中内容:
select * from enmschm2.testtable;
\q
执行过程如下:
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
-------------
enmschm1
(1 row)
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable1(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable2(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into enmschm2.testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=>
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.testtable;
col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!
(1 row)
enmdb=> \q
[omm@opengauss ~]$6.openGauss在一个用户连接到enmdb数据库时,可以访问不同模式中的表。
-- 以数据库用户user1的身份,连接到数据库enmdb:
gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
--查看当前会话的模式搜索顺序
show SEARCH_PATH;
-- 查看不同模式下的表
select * from testtable;
select * from enmschm1.testtable;
select * from enmschm2.testtable;
执行过程如下:
[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
col
-----------------------
Hello from testtable!
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm1.testtable;
col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.testtable;
col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!
(1 row)
enmdb=> 课程作业
1.创建一个表(默认,不指定模式),查看该表在那个模式下
CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/enmtbs1';
CREATE DATABASE enmdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;
CREATE USER xiaocx IDENTIFIED BY 'xiaocx_1234';
ALTER USER xiaocx SYSADMIN;
\q
gsql -d enmdb -U xiaocx -W xiaocx_1234 -r
show SEARCH_PATH;
create table txiaocx(id int,name char(20));
insert into txiaocx values(1,'xiaocx1');
select * from txiaocx;
select table_catalog,table_schema,table_name,table_type from information_schema.tables where table_name='txiaocx';
执行过程如下:
[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/enmtbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# CREATE DATABASE enmdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=# CREATE USER xiaocx IDENTIFIED BY 'xiaocx_1234';
CREATE ROLE
omm=# ALTER USER xiaocx SYSADMIN;
ALTER ROLE
omm=# \q
[omm@opengauss ~]$
[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -d enmdb -U xiaocx -W xiaocx_1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=> create table txiaocx(id int,name char(20));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into txiaocx values(1,'xiaocx1');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from txiaocx;
id | name
----+----------------------
1 | xiaocx1
(1 row)
enmdb=> select table_catalog,table_schema,table_name,table_type from information_schema.tables where table_name='txiaocx';
table_catalog | table_schema | table_name | table_type
---------------+--------------+------------+------------
enmdb | public | txiaocx | BASE TABLE
(1 row)
enmdb=> 2.使用一个用户连接到enmdb数据库,测试该用户可以访问不同模式中的表
gsql -d enmdb -U xiaocx -W xiaocx_1234 -r
show SEARCH_PATH;
create schema enmschm1;
create schema enmschm2;
create table enmschm1.txiaocx(id int,name char(20));
insert into enmschm1.txiaocx values(1,'enmschm1');
create table enmschm2.txiaocx(id int,name char(20));
insert into enmschm2.txiaocx values(1,'enmschm2');
select * from txiaocx;
select * from enmschm1.txiaocx;
select * from enmschm2.txiaocx;
执行过程如下:
[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -d enmdb -U xiaocx -W xiaocx_1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=> create schema enmschm1;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=>
enmdb=> create schema enmschm2;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=> create table enmschm1.txiaocx(id int,name char(20));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into enmschm1.txiaocx values(1,'enmschm1');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.txiaocx(id int,name char(20));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into enmschm2.txiaocx values(1,'enmschm2');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from txiaocx;
id | name
----+----------------------
1 | xiaocx1
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm1.txiaocx;
id | name
----+----------------------
1 | enmschm1
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.txiaocx;
id | name
----+----------------------
1 | enmschm2
(1 row)
enmdb=> 3.在会话级设置模式搜索路径为:模式enmschm1,使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法访问表(创建表、插入数据和查询表中数据)
gsql -d enmdb -U xiaocx -W xiaocx_1234 -r
show SEARCH_PATH;
SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1;
show SEARCH_PATH;
create table enmschm1.t_xiaocx_schm1(id int,name char(20));
insert into enmschm1.t_xiaocx_schm1 values(1,'enmschm1'),(2,'enmschm1'),(3,'enmschm1'),(4,'enmschm1'),(5,'enmschm1');
create table enmschm2.t_xiaocx_schm2(id int,name char(20));
insert into enmschm2.t_xiaocx_schm2 values(1,'enmschm2'),(2,'enmschm2'),(3,'enmschm2'),(4,'enmschm2'),(5,'enmschm2');
select * from enmschm1.t_xiaocx_schm1;
select * from enmschm2.t_xiaocx_schm2;
执行过程如下:
[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -d enmdb -U xiaocx -W xiaocx_1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=> SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1;
SET
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
-------------
enmschm1
(1 row)
enmdb=> create table enmschm1.t_xiaocx_schm1(id int,name char(20));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into enmschm1.t_xiaocx_schm1 values(1,'enmschm1'),(2,'enmschm1'),(3,'enmschm1'),(4,'enmschm1'),(5,'enmschm1');
INSERT 0 5
enmdb=>
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.t_xiaocx_schm2(id int,name char(20));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into enmschm2.t_xiaocx_schm2 values(1,'enmschm2'),(2,'enmschm2'),(3,'enmschm2'),(4,'enmschm2'),(5,'enmschm2');
INSERT 0 5
enmdb=>
enmdb=> select * from enmschm1.t_xiaocx_schm1;
id | name
----+----------------------
1 | enmschm1
2 | enmschm1
3 | enmschm1
4 | enmschm1
5 | enmschm1
(5 rows)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.t_xiaocx_schm2;
id | name
----+----------------------
1 | enmschm2
2 | enmschm2
3 | enmschm2
4 | enmschm2
5 | enmschm2
(5 rows)
enmdb=> 



