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openGauss每日一练 第13天 | openGauss逻辑结构:表管理1

原创 xiaocx 2022-12-06
378

学习目标

    学习openGauss表的创建、搜索路径和访问方法等

课程学习

1.实验准备:

--创建表空间enmtbs、数据库enmdb、用户user1,并授予用户user1 SYSADMIN权限:
su - omm
gsql  -r
CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/enmtbs1';
CREATE DATABASE enmdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;
CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
ALTER USER user1  SYSADMIN;
\q

--以数据库用户user1的身份,连接到刚刚创建的数据库enmdb:
gsql -d enmdb   -U user1   -W kunpeng@1234 -r

--执行下面的SQL语句,创建enmschm1、enmschm2模式
create schema enmschm1;
create schema enmschm2;


执行过程如下:

[root@opengauss ~]# su - omm
上一次登录:二 12月  6 09:12:17 CST 2022pts/0 上
[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/enmtbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# CREATE DATABASE enmdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=# CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
CREATE ROLE
omm=# ALTER USER user1  SYSADMIN;
ALTER ROLE
omm=# \q
[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -d enmdb   -U user1   -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

enmdb=> create schema enmschm1;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=> create schema enmschm2;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=>

2.创建表

    默认情况下,在某个数据库上创建的数据库对象(本例是表testtable),都位于该数据库中的public模式中。

--查看默认搜索路径:
show SEARCH_PATH;
--创建一个测试表testtable,并插入一条数据:
drop table if exists testtable;
create table testtable(col varchar(100));
insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable!');
select * from testtable;
--查看当前数据库enmdb下的public模式有哪些表:
select table_catalog,table_schema,table_name,table_type
from information_schema.tables 
where table_schema = 'public';

执行过程如下:

enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
  search_path   
----------------
 "$user",public
(1 row)

enmdb=> drop table if exists testtable;
NOTICE:  table "testtable" does not exist, skipping
DROP TABLE
enmdb=> create table testtable(col varchar(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable!');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
          col          
-----------------------
 Hello from testtable!
(1 row)

enmdb=> select table_catalog,table_schema,table_name,table_type from information_schema.tables where table_schema = 'public';
 table_catalog | table_schema | table_name | table_type 
---------------+--------------+------------+------------
 enmdb         | public       | testtable  | BASE TABLE
(1 row)

enmdb=>

3.在不同的模式(public和enmschm1),可以创建同名的表testtable

    前面2的实验是在public模式下创建表testtable,下面是在模式enmschm1中创建同名的表testtable:

--执行下面的命令,查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
 show SEARCH_PATH;
--执行下面的命令,在会话级重新设置模式搜索路径为模式enmschm1:
 SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1;
--执行下面的命令,再次查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
  show SEARCH_PATH;
--在数据库enmdb的模式enmschm1中创建表testtable:
  create table testtable(col1  char(100));
\dt

执行过程如下:

enmdb=>  show SEARCH_PATH;
  search_path   
----------------
 "$user",public
(1 row)

enmdb=>  SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1;
SET
enmdb=>   show SEARCH_PATH;
 search_path 
-------------
 enmschm1
(1 row)

enmdb=> create table testtable(col1  char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> \dt
                            List of relations
  Schema  |   Name    | Type  | Owner |             Storage              
----------+-----------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
 enmschm1 | testtable | table | user1 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)

enmdb=> 

4.为enmschm1模式下的testtable插入一条测试数据

    由于当前的模式搜索顺序为模式enmschm1,因此不需要指定模式名,就可以为enmschm1.testtable插入新行。

insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!'); select * from testtable;
执行过程如下:
enmdb=> insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
                                                 col1                                                 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!                                                            
(1 row)

enmdb=> 

5.使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法访问表

    虽然当前模式搜索顺序没有模式enmschm2,但是我们仍然可以在模式enmschm2中创建表,方法是使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法,来指定在哪个模式下创建、插入、查询表。
--执行下面的命令,查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
 show SEARCH_PATH;

--执行下面的SQL语句,将在数据库enmdb的模式enmschm2中创建表testtable、testtable1、testtable2:

create table enmschm2.testtable(col1  char(100));
create table enmschm2.testtable1(col1 char(100));
create table enmschm2.testtable2(col1 char(100));

--并向模式enmschm2中新创建的表testtable,插入一行数据:

  insert into enmschm2.testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!');

--查看表中内容:

  select * from enmschm2.testtable;
\q

执行过程如下:

enmdb=>  show SEARCH_PATH;
 search_path 
-------------
 enmschm1
(1 row)

enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable(col1  char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable1(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable2(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into enmschm2.testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> 
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.testtable;
                                                 col1                                                 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!                                                            
(1 row)

enmdb=> \q
[omm@opengauss ~]$

6.openGauss在一个用户连接到enmdb数据库时,可以访问不同模式中的表。

-- 以数据库用户user1的身份,连接到数据库enmdb:
gsql -d enmdb   -U user1   -W kunpeng@1234 -r

--查看当前会话的模式搜索顺序
show SEARCH_PATH;

 -- 查看不同模式下的表
select * from testtable;
select * from enmschm1.testtable;
select * from enmschm2.testtable;

执行过程如下:

[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -d enmdb   -U user1   -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
  search_path   
----------------
 "$user",public
(1 row)

enmdb=> select * from testtable;
          col          
-----------------------
 Hello from testtable!
(1 row)

enmdb=> select * from enmschm1.testtable;
                                                 col1                                                 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!                                                            
(1 row)

enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.testtable;
                                                 col1                                                 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!                                                            
(1 row)

enmdb=> 


课程作业

1.创建一个表(默认,不指定模式),查看该表在那个模式下

CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/enmtbs1';

CREATE DATABASE enmdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;

CREATE USER xiaocx IDENTIFIED BY 'xiaocx_1234';

ALTER USER xiaocx SYSADMIN;

\q

gsql -d enmdb -U xiaocx -W xiaocx_1234 -r

show SEARCH_PATH;

create table txiaocx(id int,name char(20));

insert into txiaocx values(1,'xiaocx1');

select * from txiaocx;

select table_catalog,table_schema,table_name,table_type from information_schema.tables where table_name='txiaocx';

执行过程如下:

[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/enmtbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# CREATE DATABASE enmdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;
CREATE DATABASE

omm=# CREATE USER xiaocx IDENTIFIED BY 'xiaocx_1234';
CREATE ROLE
omm=# ALTER USER xiaocx  SYSADMIN;
ALTER ROLE

omm=# \q
[omm@opengauss ~]$
[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -d enmdb   -U xiaocx   -W xiaocx_1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
  search_path   
----------------
 "$user",public
(1 row)

enmdb=> create table txiaocx(id int,name char(20));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into txiaocx values(1,'xiaocx1');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from txiaocx;
 id |         name         
----+----------------------
  1 | xiaocx1             
(1 row)

enmdb=> select table_catalog,table_schema,table_name,table_type from information_schema.tables where table_name='txiaocx';
 table_catalog | table_schema | table_name | table_type 
---------------+--------------+------------+------------
 enmdb         | public       | txiaocx    | BASE TABLE
(1 row)

enmdb=> 

2.使用一个用户连接到enmdb数据库,测试该用户可以访问不同模式中的表

gsql -d enmdb -U xiaocx -W xiaocx_1234 -r

show SEARCH_PATH;

create schema enmschm1;

create schema enmschm2;

create table enmschm1.txiaocx(id int,name char(20));

insert into enmschm1.txiaocx values(1,'enmschm1');

create table enmschm2.txiaocx(id int,name char(20));

insert into enmschm2.txiaocx values(1,'enmschm2');

select * from txiaocx;

select * from enmschm1.txiaocx;

select * from enmschm2.txiaocx;

执行过程如下:

[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -d enmdb   -U xiaocx   -W xiaocx_1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
  search_path   
----------------
 "$user",public
(1 row)

enmdb=> create schema enmschm1;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=> 
enmdb=> create schema enmschm2;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=> create table enmschm1.txiaocx(id int,name char(20));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into enmschm1.txiaocx values(1,'enmschm1');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.txiaocx(id int,name char(20));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into enmschm2.txiaocx values(1,'enmschm2');
INSERT 0 1
 
enmdb=> select * from  txiaocx;
 id |         name         
----+----------------------
  1 | xiaocx1             
(1 row)

enmdb=> select * from enmschm1.txiaocx;
 id |         name         
----+----------------------
  1 | enmschm1            
(1 row)

enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.txiaocx;
 id |         name         
----+----------------------
  1 | enmschm2            
(1 row)

enmdb=> 

3.在会话级设置模式搜索路径为:模式enmschm1,使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法访问表(创建表、插入数据和查询表中数据)

gsql -d enmdb -U xiaocx -W xiaocx_1234 -r

show SEARCH_PATH;

SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1;

show SEARCH_PATH;

create table enmschm1.t_xiaocx_schm1(id int,name char(20));

insert into enmschm1.t_xiaocx_schm1 values(1,'enmschm1'),(2,'enmschm1'),(3,'enmschm1'),(4,'enmschm1'),(5,'enmschm1');


create table enmschm2.t_xiaocx_schm2(id int,name char(20));

insert into enmschm2.t_xiaocx_schm2 values(1,'enmschm2'),(2,'enmschm2'),(3,'enmschm2'),(4,'enmschm2'),(5,'enmschm2');


select * from enmschm1.t_xiaocx_schm1;

select * from enmschm2.t_xiaocx_schm2;

执行过程如下:

[omm@opengauss ~]$ gsql -d enmdb   -U xiaocx   -W xiaocx_1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.1.0 build 4e931f9a) compiled at 2022-09-29 14:19:24 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
  search_path   
----------------
 "$user",public
(1 row)

enmdb=> SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1;
SET
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
 search_path 
-------------
 enmschm1
(1 row)

enmdb=> create table enmschm1.t_xiaocx_schm1(id int,name char(20));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into enmschm1.t_xiaocx_schm1 values(1,'enmschm1'),(2,'enmschm1'),(3,'enmschm1'),(4,'enmschm1'),(5,'enmschm1');
INSERT 0 5
enmdb=> 
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.t_xiaocx_schm2(id int,name char(20));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into enmschm2.t_xiaocx_schm2 values(1,'enmschm2'),(2,'enmschm2'),(3,'enmschm2'),(4,'enmschm2'),(5,'enmschm2');
INSERT 0 5
enmdb=> 
enmdb=> select * from enmschm1.t_xiaocx_schm1;
 id |         name         
----+----------------------
  1 | enmschm1            
  2 | enmschm1            
  3 | enmschm1            
  4 | enmschm1            
  5 | enmschm1            
(5 rows)

enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.t_xiaocx_schm2;
 id |         name         
----+----------------------
  1 | enmschm2            
  2 | enmschm2            
  3 | enmschm2            
  4 | enmschm2            
  5 | enmschm2            
(5 rows)

enmdb=> 
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