课程学习内容
软件版本 :openGauss 3.0.0
学习openGauss表的创建、搜索路径和访问方法等
数据库实操内容
环境准备
su - omm
gsql -r
root@modb:~# su - omm
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=#
–创建表空间enmtbs、数据库enmdb、用户user1,并授予用户user1 SYSADMIN权限:
CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION ‘tablespace/enmtbs1’;
CREATE DATABASE enmdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;
CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY ‘kunpeng@1234’;
ALTER USER user1 SYSADMIN;
\q
omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/enmtbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# CREATE DATABASE enmdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=# CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# ALTER USER user1 SYSADMIN;
ALTER ROLE
omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$
–以数据库用户user1的身份,连接到刚刚创建的数据库enmdb:
gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
–执行下面的SQL语句,创建enmschm1、enmschm2模式
create schema enmschm1;
create schema enmschm2;
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
enmdb=> create schema enmschm1;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=> create schema enmschm2;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=>
创建表
默认情况下,在某个数据库上创建的数据库对象(本例是表testtable),都位于该数据库中的public模式中。
–查看默认搜索路径:
show SEARCH_PATH;
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=>
–创建一个测试表testtable,并插入一条数据:
drop table if exists testtable;
create table testtable(col varchar(100));
insert into testtable values(‘Hello from testtable!’);
select * from testtable;
enmdb=> drop table if exists testtable;
NOTICE: table "testtable" does not exist, skipping
DROP TABLE
enmdb=> create table testtable(col varchar(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable!');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
col
-----------------------
Hello from testtable!
(1 row)
enmdb=>
–查看当前数据库enmdb下的public模式有哪些表:
select table_catalog,table_schema,table_name,table_type from information_schema.tables where table_schema = ‘public’;
enmdb=> select table_catalog,table_schema,table_name,table_type
enmdb-> enmdb-> from information_schema.tables
where table_schema = 'public';
table_catalog | table_schema | table_name | table_type
---------------+--------------+------------+------------
enmdb | public | testtable | BASE TABLE
(1 row)
enmdb=>
在不同的模式(public和enmschm1),可以创建同名的表testtable
前面2的实验是在public模式下创建表testtable,下面是在模式enmschm1中创建同名的表testtable:
–执行下面的命令,查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
show SEARCH_PATH;
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
(1 row)
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
enmdb=>
–执行下面的命令,在会话级重新设置模式搜索路径为模式enmschm1:
SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1;
enmdb=> SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1; SET
–执行下面的命令,再次查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
show SEARCH_PATH;
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH; search_path ------------- enmschm1 (1 row)
–在数据库enmdb的模式enmschm1中创建表testtable:
create table testtable(col1 char(100));
\dt
enmdb=> create table testtable(col1 char(100)); CREATE TABLE enmdb=> enmdb=> \dt List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage ----------+-----------+-------+-------+---------------------------------- enmschm1 | testtable | table | user1 | {orientation=row,compression=no} (1 row) enmdb=>
为enmschm1模式下的testtable插入一条测试数据
由于当前的模式搜索顺序为模式enmschm1,因此不需要指定模式名,就可以为enmschm1.testtable插入新行。
insert into testtable values(‘Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!’);
select * from testtable;
enmdb=> insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!
(1 row)
enmdb=>
使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法访问表
虽然当前模式搜索顺序没有模式enmschm2,但是我们仍然可以在模式enmschm2中创建表,方法是使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法,来指定在哪个模式下创建、插入、查询表。
–执行下面的命令,查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
show SEARCH_PATH;
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH; search_path ------------- enmschm1 (1 row) enmdb=>
–执行下面的SQL语句,将在数据库enmdb的模式enmschm2中创建表testtable、testtable1、testtable2:
create table enmschm2.testtable(col1 char(100));
create table enmschm2.testtable1(col1 char(100));
create table enmschm2.testtable2(col1 char(100));
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable(col1 char(100)); CREATE TABLE enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable1(col1 char(100)); CREATE TABLE enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable2(col1 char(100)); CREATE TABLE enmdb=>
–并向模式enmschm2中新创建的表testtable,插入一行数据:
insert into enmschm2.testtable values(‘Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!’);
enmdb=> insert into enmschm2.testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!');
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=>
–查看表中内容:
select * from enmschm2.testtable;
\q
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.testtable; col1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2! (1 row) enmdb=> \q omm@modb:~$
openGauss在一个用户连接到enmdb数据库时,可以访问不同模式中的表。
– 以数据库用户user1的身份,连接到数据库enmdb:
gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
enmdb=>
–查看当前会话的模式搜索顺序
show SEARCH_PATH;
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=>
– 查看不同模式下的表
select * from testtable;
select * from enmschm1.testtable;
select * from enmschm2.testtable;
enmdb=> select * from testtable; col ----------------------- Hello from testtable! (1 row) enmdb=> select * from enmschm1.testtable; col1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1! (1 row) enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.testtable; col1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2! (1 row) enmdb=>
课程作业
创建一个表(默认,不指定模式),查看该表在那个模式下
omm=# create table hello(col varchar(100));
CREATE TABLE
omm=# \dt
omm=# List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+-------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
public | hello | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)
omm=#
使用一个用户连接到enmdb数据库,测试该用户可以访问不同模式中的表
omm=# gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
omm-# \q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
enmdb=> col
-----------------------
Hello from testtable!
(1 row)
enmdb=>
select * from enmschm1.testtable;
col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.testtable;
col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!
(1 row)
enmdb=>
select * from hello;
在会话级设置模式搜索路径为:模式enmschm1,使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法访问表
(创建表、插入数据和查询表中数据)
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
----------------
"$user",public
(1 row)
enmdb=> SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1;
SET
enmdb=> show SEARCH_PATH;
search_path
-------------
enmschm1
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.testtable;
col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm1.testtable;
col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!
(1 row)
enmdb=>
课程学习体会
通过本次的实训操作,学习掌握创建、搜索路径、访问以及设置不同模式访问表。




