第十六课
16.1 第16天 | openGauss逻辑结构:表管理4
学习目标
学习openGuass数据库中如何对表进行修改
课程学习
1.测试准备
–首先创建一张测试表。
drop table if exists test;
create table test(
id bigint,
name varchar(50) not null,
age int default 20,
primary key(id)
);
2.为表添加字段
–查看表test的信息
\d test
–为表test新增一列,列名为sex,数据类型为Boolean:
alter table test add column sex Boolean;
–执行下面gsql命令,查看表test的信息
\d test
3.删除表中的已有字段
–执行下面的SQL语句,删除刚刚添加的列sex:
alter table test drop column sex ;
–执行下面gsql命令,再次查看表test的信息
\d test
4.删除表的已有约束
–表test上有一个名叫test_pkey的PRIMARY KEY约束。执行下面的SQL语句,删除这个约束:
alter table test drop constraint test_pkey;
–执行下面的gsql命令,再次查看表test的信息:
\d test
–或直接查看约束是否被删除
select * from pg_constraint where conname like ‘test_pkey’;
5.为表添加约束
–执行下面的SQL命令,为表test添加刚刚删除的主键约束:
alter table test add constraint test_pkey primary key(id);
–再次查看表test的信息:
select * from pg_constraint where conname like ‘test_pkey’;
\d test
6.修改表字段的默认值
–执行下面的SQL语句,将age的默认值变更为25
alter table test alter column age set default 25;
\d test
7.修改表字段的数据类型
alter table test ALTER COLUMN age TYPE bigint;
\d test
8.修改表字段的名字
ALTER TABLE test RENAME COLUMN age TO stuage;
\d test
9.修改表的名字
–修改表的名字。执行下面的SQL语句,将表test的名字变更为mytest:
ALTER TABLE test RENAME TO mytest;
\d mytest
10.删除表
DROP TABLE mytest;
课程作业
1.创建表,为表添加字段
omm=# --首先创建一张测试表。
drop table if exists test;
DROP TABLE
omm=# NOTICE: table "test" does not exist, skipping
create table test(
omm(# omm(# id bigint,
name varchar(50) not null,
omm(# age int default 20,
omm(# omm(# primary key(id)
);
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "test_pkey" for table "test"
CREATE TABLE
omm=# --查看表test的信息
omm=# \d test
Table "public.test"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+------------
id | bigint | not null
name | character varying(50) | not null
age | integer | default 20
Indexes:
"test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default
2.删除表中的已有字段
--为表test新增一列,列名为sex,数据类型为Boolean:
omm=# alter table test add column sex Boolean;
ALTER TABLE
omm=#
omm=# --执行下面gsql命令,查看表test的信息
omm=# \d test
Table "public.test"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+------------
id | bigint | not null
name | character varying(50) | not null
age | integer | default 20
sex | boolean |
Indexes:
"test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default
omm=# --执行下面的SQL语句,删除刚刚添加的列sex:
omm=# alter table test drop column sex ;
ALTER TABLE
omm=#
omm=# --执行下面gsql命令,再次查看表test的信息
omm=# \d test
Table "public.test"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+------------
id | bigint | not null
name | character varying(50) | not null
age | integer | default 20
Indexes:
"test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default
3.删除表的已有约束、添加约束
--表test上有一个名叫test_pkey的PRIMARY KEY约束。执行下面的SQL语句,删除
alter table test drop constraint test_pkey;
ALTER TABLE
omm=#
omm=# --执行下面的gsql命令,再次查看表test的信息:
omm=# \d test
Table "public.test"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+------------
id | bigint | not null
name | character varying(50) | not null
age | integer | default 20
omm=#
omm=# --或直接查看约束是否被删除
omm=# select * from pg_constraint where conname like 'test_pkey';
conname | connamespace | contype | condeferrable | condeferred | convalidated | conrelid | conty
pid | conindid | confrelid | confupdtype | confdeltype | confmatchtype | conislocal | coninhcount
| connoinherit | consoft | conopt | conkey | confkey | conpfeqop | conppeqop | conffeqop | conex
clop | conbin | consrc | conincluding
---------+--------------+---------+---------------+-------------+--------------+----------+------
----+----------+-----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+------------+------------
-+--------------+---------+--------+--------+---------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------
-----+--------+--------+--------------
(0 rows)
omm=# --执行下面的SQL命令,为表test添加刚刚删除的主键约束:
omm=# alter table test add constraint test_pkey primary key(id);
NOTICE: ALTER TABLE / ADD PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "test_pkey" for table "test"
ALTER TABLE
omm=#
omm=# --再次查看表test的信息:
omm=# select * from pg_constraint where conname like 'test_pkey';
conname | connamespace | contype | condeferrable | condeferred | convalidated | conrelid | con
typid | conindid | confrelid | confupdtype | confdeltype | confmatchtype | conislocal | coninhcou
nt | connoinherit | consoft | conopt | conkey | confkey | conpfeqop | conppeqop | conffeqop | con
exclop | conbin | consrc | conincluding
-----------+--------------+---------+---------------+-------------+--------------+----------+----
------+----------+-----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+------------+----------
---+--------------+---------+--------+--------+---------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----
-------+--------+--------+--------------
test_pkey | 2200 | p | f | f | t | 16389 |
0 | 16395 | 0 | | | | t |
0 | t | f | f | {1} | | | | |
| | |
(1 row)
omm=#
omm=# \d test
Table "public.test"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+------------
id | bigint | not null
name | character varying(50) | not null
age | integer | default 20
Indexes:
"test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default
4.修改表字段的默认值
omm=# --执行下面的SQL语句,将age的默认值变更为25
omm=# alter table test alter column age set default 25;
ALTER TABLE
omm=# \d test
Table "public.test"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+------------
id | bigint | not null
name | character varying(50) | not null
age | integer | default 25
Indexes:
"test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default
5.修改表字段的数据类型
omm=# alter table test ALTER COLUMN age TYPE bigint;
ALTER TABLE
omm=# \d test
Table "public.test"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+------------
id | bigint | not null
name | character varying(50) | not null
age | bigint | default 25
Indexes:
"test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default
6.修改表字段的名字
omm=# ALTER TABLE test RENAME COLUMN age TO stuage;
\d test
ALTER TABLE
omm=# Table "public.test"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+------------
id | bigint | not null
name | character varying(50) | not null
stuage | bigint | default 25
Indexes:
"test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default
7.修改表的名字
omm=# --修改表的名字。执行下面的SQL语句,将表test的名字变更为mytest:
omm=# ALTER TABLE test RENAME TO mytest;
ALTER TABLE
omm=# \d mytest
Table "public.mytest"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+------------
id | bigint | not null
name | character varying(50) | not null
stuage | bigint | default 25
Indexes:
"test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default
8.删除表
omm=# DROP TABLE mytest;
DROP TABLE
omm=#




