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openGauss每日一练第 19 天 | openGauss 3.0.0数据库在线实训课程

原创 shunwah 2022-12-12
1153

作者:马顺华

从事运维管理工作多年,目前就职于某科技有限公司,熟悉运维自动化、OceanBase部署运维、MySQL 运维以及各种云平台技术和产品。并已获得OceanBase认证OBCA、OBCP证书。

第19天 | 用户和角色管理

学习目标

掌握openGauss的用户和角色管理

课程学习

使用create user创建的用户与使用create role创建的用户的区别在于,前者可以直接连接登录数据库,而使用create role创建的用户不能直接登录到数据库。必须添加LOGIN权限后,才能登录到数据库管理系统。
删除用户,首先需要将用户拥有的数据库对象转移或者删除。

1.环境准备

1)-- 创建一个名叫test_tbs的表空间和一个名叫testdb的数据库:
root@modb:~# 
root@modb:~# su - omm
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE test_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test_tbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# CREATE DATABASE testdb WITH TABLESPACE = test_tbs;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=# 

image.png

2.使用create user创建用户

使用create user创建的用户,具有登录权限。

1)-- 创建一个名叫user1的数据库用户,其密码为kunpeng@1234,并将数据库testdb所有的权限都授予用户user1:
omm=# 
omm=# CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
NOTICE:  The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb TO user1;
GRANT
omm=# 

image.png

2)-- 执行下面的gsql元命令,查看系统目前有哪些数据库:

\l

omm=# 
omm=# \l
                        List of databases
  Name    | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges 
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
omm       | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
omm=#  postgres  | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
template0 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
          |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
template1 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
          |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
testdb    | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =Tc/omm          +
          |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm      +
          |       |          |         |       | user1=CTc/omm    +
          |       |          |         |       | user1=APm/omm
(5 rows)


omm=# 

image.png

3)-- 执行下面的gsql元命令,查看系统目前有哪些用户:
omm=# 
omm=# \du 
                                                              List of roles
 Role name |                                                    Attributes                                              
      | Member of 
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------+-----------
 gaussdb   | Sysadmin                                                                                                   
      | {}
 omm       | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, 
UseFT | {}
 user1     |                                                                                                            
      | {}

omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$ 

image.png

4)-- 用刚刚创建的数据库用户user1登录到数据库testdb
omm@modb:~$ 
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb   -U user1   -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

testdb=> \q
omm@modb:~$ 

image.png

3.使用create role创建用户

使用create role命令创建的用户user2,没有登录权限。

1)-- 创建一个新的名叫user2的角色,并将数据库testdb所有的权限都授予用户user2:

用户user2对数据库testdb具有的权限和用户user1一模一样。

omm@modb:~$ 
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# CREATE ROLE user2 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
NOTICE:  The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb TO user2;
GRANT
omm=# 

image.png

2)-- 查看当前openGauss数据库集群由哪些用户:
omm=# \du
                                                              List of roles
 Role name |                                                    Attributes                                                    | Member of 
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 gaussdb   | Sysadmin                                                                                                         | {}
 omm       | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
 user1     |                                                                                                                  | {}
 user2     | Cannot login                                                                                                     | {}

omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$ 

image.png

3)-- 使用用户user2尝试登录到数据库testdb:
omm@modb:~$ 
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb  -U user2  -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql: FATAL:  role "user2" is not permitted to login
omm@modb:~$ 

image.png

原因:
由于数据库用户user2是使用create role语句创建的,目前还不被允许登录到openGauss数据库管理系统。

4.授予用户user2登录权限后:

1)-- 授予用户user2登录权限后,可以登录数据库
omm@modb:~$ 
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# alter user user2 LOGIN;
ALTER ROLE
omm=# \du
                                                              List of roles
 Role name |                                                    Attributes                                                    | Member of 
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 gaussdb   | Sysadmin                                                                                                         | {}
 omm       | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
 user1     |                                                                                                                  | {}
 user2     |                                                                                                                  | {}

omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$ 

image.png

2)-- 现在我们已经授予了user2用户登录数据库的权限,可以正常登录数据库testdb:
omm@modb:~$ 
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb   -U user2   -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

testdb=> \q
omm@modb:~$ 

image.png

5.删除用户和角色

删除用户,首先需要将用户拥有的数据库对象转移或者删除,回收权限。

1)-- 授予用户user2数据库超级用户的权限:
omm@modb:~$ 
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# ALTER USER user2 SYSADMIN;
ALTER ROLE
omm=# 

image.png

2)-- 使用用户user2登录到数据库testdb,创建表空间test_tbs1、数据库testdb、表test1和表test2:
omm@modb:~$ 
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# \c testdb user2
Password for user user2: 
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "testdb" as user "user2".
testdb=> CREATE TABLESPACE test_tbs1 RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test_tbs11';
CREATE TABLESPACE
testdb=> CREATE DATABASE testdb WITH TABLESPACE = test_tbs1;
ERROR:  database "testdb" already exists
testdb=> CREATE TABLE test1(col int);
testdb=> CREATE TABLE

testdb=> CREATE TABLE test2(col int);
CREATE TABLE
testdb=> \q
omm@modb:~$ 

image.png

3)-- 执行如下的命令,删除用户user2:
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# drop user user2;
ERROR:  role "user2" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
DETAIL:  owner of tablespace test_tbs1
privileges for database testdb
2 objects in database testdb
omm=# 

image.png

###可以看出不能删除用户user2的原因是:
1)用户user2拥有数据库testdb。
2)用户user2拥有表空间对象test_tbs1。
3)用户user2对数据库testdb具有权限。
4)用户user2在数据库testdb中有两个对象。

4)-- 要删除用户user2,必须先表空间对象和数据库对象的属主修改为其他的用户(如user1用户),或者干脆将其删除:
omm=# 
omm=# alter database testdb owner to user1;
omm=# ALTER DATABASE

omm=# alter tablespace test_tbs1 owner to user1;
ALTER TABLESPACE
omm=# 

image.png

5)-- 回收用户user2对testdb数据库的权限:
omm=# 
omm=# REVOKE ALL ON DATABASE testdb FROM user2;
REVOKE
omm=# 

image.png

6)-- 在testdb中属于用户user2的数据库对象的处理方法可以是:假如该对象还有用,可以将该对象转移给其他用户;假如该对象没有用,可以直接删除掉该对象

–假设表test1已经没有用了,我们可以删除表test1:

omm=# 
omm=# \c testdb user2
Password for user user2: 
testdb=> Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "testdb" as user "user2".

testdb=> drop table test1;
DROP TABLE
testdb=> 

image.png

7)-- 假设表test2还有用将表test2转移给用户user1:
testdb=> 
testdb=> REASSIGN OWNED BY user2 to user1;
REASSIGN OWNED
testdb=> \dt
                         List of relations
 Schema | Name  | Type  | Owner |             Storage              
--------+-------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
 public | test2 | table | user1 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)

testdb=> \q
omm@modb:~$ 

image.png

8)-- 执行删除用户的操作,可以删除user2用户
omm@modb:~$ 
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# drop user user2;
DROP ROLE
omm=# \du
                                                              List of roles
 Role name |                                                    Attributes                                                    | Member of 
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 gaussdb   | Sysadmin                                                                                                         | {}
 omm       | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
 user1     |                                                                                                                  | {}

omm=# 

课程作业

1、创建test10_tbs的表空间,在这个表空间中创建数据库testdb10

2、使用create user创建用户user10,登录数据库testdb10,创建测试表t1和t2

3、使用create role创建角色role10,登录数据库testdb10

4、将表t1直接删除,将前面创建的表空间和数据库、表t2转给role10,删除用户user10

5、最后删除role10

1、创建test10_tbs的表空间,在这个表空间中创建数据库testdb10

root@modb:~# 
root@modb:~# su - omm
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE test10_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test10_tbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# CREATE DATABASE testdb10 WITH TABLESPACE = test10_tbs;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=# \l
                         List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges 
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
 omm       | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     |            |       |          |         |       | user1=CTc/user1  +
           |       |          |         |       | user1=APm/user1
 testdb10  | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
(6 rows)

omm=# 
 postgres  | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 template0 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 testdb    | user1 | UTF8     | C       | C     | =Tc/user1        +

omm=# 

image.png

2、使用create user创建用户user10,登录数据库testdb10,创建测试表t1和t2

omm=# 
omm=# CREATE USER user10 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
NOTICE:  The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb10 TO user10;
GRANT
omm=# \du
                                                              List of roles
 Role name |                                                    Attributes                                                    | Member of 
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 gaussdb   | Sysadmin                                                                                                         | {}
 omm       | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
 user1     |                                                                                                                  | {}
 user10    |                                                                                                                  | {}

omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10   -U user10   -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

testdb10=> create schema user10;
CREATE SCHEMA
testdb10=> create table t1 (id int);
CREATE TABLE
testdb10=> create table t2 (id int);
CREATE TABLE
testdb10=> \dt
                         List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  | Owner  |             Storage              
--------+------+-------+--------+----------------------------------
 user10 | t1   | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 user10 | t2   | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)

testdb10=> 

image.png

3、登录数据库testdb10,使用create role创建角色role10

testdb10=> \c - omm
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "testdb10" as user "omm".
testdb10=# CREATE ROLE role10 password 'kunpeng@1234';
NOTICE:  The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
testdb10=# GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb10 TO role10;
testdb10=# GRANT

testdb10=# 

image.png

4、将表t1直接删除,将前面创建的表空间和数据库、表t2转给role10,删除用户user10

testdb10=# \dt user10.*
                         List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  | Owner  |             Storage              
--------+------+-------+--------+----------------------------------
 user10 | t1   | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 user10 | t2   | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)

testdb10=# drop table user10.t1;
DROP TABLE
testdb10=# alter table user10.t2 owner to role10;
testdb10=# ALTER TABLE

testdb10=# \dt user10.*
                         List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  | Owner  |             Storage              
--------+------+-------+--------+----------------------------------
 user10 | t2   | table | role10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)

testdb10=# \dt
No relations found.
testdb10=# 

image.png

5、最后删除role10

testdb10=# drop role role10;
ERROR:  role "role10" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
DETAIL:  owner of table user10.t2
privileges for database testdb10
testdb10=# REASSIGN OWNED BY role10 to user10;
REASSIGN OWNED
testdb10=# \dt user10.*
                         List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  | Owner  |             Storage              
--------+------+-------+--------+----------------------------------
 user10 | t2   | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)

testdb10=# drop role role10;
ERROR:  role "role10" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
DETAIL:  privileges for database testdb10
testdb10=# drop owned by role10;
DROP OWNED
testdb10=# drop role role10;
DROP ROLE
testdb10=# \du
                                                              List of roles
 Role name |                                                    Attributes                                                    | Member of 
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 gaussdb   | Sysadmin                                                                                                         | {}
 omm       | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
 user1     |                                                                                                                  | {}
 user10    |                                                                                                                  | {}

testdb10=# 

image.png

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