openGauss每日一练第19天 | 用户和角色管理
openGauss用户和角色管理
学习目标
掌握openGauss的用户和角色管理。
课程学习
使用create user创建的用户与使用create role创建的用户的区别在于，前者可以直接连接登录数据库，而使用create role创建的用户不能直接登录到数据库。必须添加LOGIN权限后，才能登录到数据库管理系统。
删除用户，首先需要将用户拥有的数据库对象转移或者删除。
1.环境准备
创建一个名叫test_tbs的表空间和一个名叫testdb的数据库：
root@modb:~# su - omm
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE test_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test_tbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# CREATE DATABASE testdb WITH TABLESPACE = test_tbs;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=#
2.使用create user创建用户
使用create user创建的用户，具有登录权限。
--创建一个名叫user1的数据库用户，其密码为kunpeng@1234，并将数据库testdb所有的权限都授予用户user1：
omm=# CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb TO user1;
GRANT
omm=#
--执行下面的gsql元命令，查看系统目前有哪些数据库：
omm=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
omm | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
postgres | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
template0 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
template1 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
testdb | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =Tc/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm +
| | | | | user1=CTc/omm +
| | | | | user1=APm/omm
(5 rows)
omm=#
--执行下面的gsql元命令，查看系统目前有哪些用户：
omm=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
user1 | | {}
omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$
--用刚刚创建的数据库用户user1登录到数据库testdb
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
testdb=> \q
omm@modb:~$
3.使用create role创建用户
使用create role命令创建的用户user2，没有登录权限。
--创建一个新的名叫user2的角色，并将数据库testdb所有的权限都授予用户user2：
用户user2对数据库testdb具有的权限和用户user1一模一样。
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# CREATE ROLE user2 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb TO user2;
GRANT
omm=#
--查看当前openGauss数据库集群由哪些用户：
omm=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
user1 | | {}
user2 | Cannot login | {}
omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$
--使用用户user2尝试登录到数据库testdb：
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb -U user2 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql: FATAL: role "user2" is not permitted to login
omm@modb:~$
原因：
由于数据库用户user2是使用create role语句创建的，目前还不被允许登录到openGauss数据库管理系统。
4.授予用户user2登录权限后：
授予用户user2登录权限后，可以登录数据库
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# alter user user2 LOGIN;
ALTER ROLE
omm=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
user1 | | {}
user2 | | {}
omm=#
--现在我们已经授予了user2用户登录数据库的权限，可以正常登录数据库testdb：
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb -U user2 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
testdb=> \q
omm@modb:~$
5.删除用户和角色
删除用户，首先需要将用户拥有的数据库对象转移或者删除，回收权限。
-- 授予用户user2数据库超级用户的权限：
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# ALTER USER user2 SYSADMIN;
ALTER ROLE
omm=#
--使用用户user2登录到数据库testdb，创建表空间test_tbs1、数据库testdb、表test1和表test2：
omm=# \c testdb user2
Password for user user2:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "testdb" as user "user2".
testdb=> CREATE TABLESPACE test_tbs1 RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test_tbs11';
CREATE TABLESPACE
testdb=> CREATE DATABASE testdb WITH TABLESPACE = test_tbs1;
ERROR: database "testdb" already exists
testdb=> CREATE TABLE test1(col int);
CREATE TABLE
testdb=> CREATE TABLE test2(col int);
CREATE TABLE
testdb=> \q
omm@modb:~$
--执行如下的命令，删除用户user2：
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# drop user user2;
ERROR: role "user2" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
DETAIL: owner of tablespace test_tbs1
privileges for database testdb
2 objects in database testdb
omm=#
###可以看出不能删除用户user2的原因是：
1）用户user2拥有数据库testdb。
2）用户user2拥有表空间对象test_tbs1。
3）用户user2对数据库testdb具有权限。
4）用户user2在数据库testdb中有两个对象。
--要删除用户user2，必须先表空间对象和数据库对象的属主修改为其他的用户（如user1用户），或者干脆将其删除：
omm=# alter database testdb owner to user1;
ALTER DATABASE
omm=# alter tablespace test_tbs1 owner to user1;
ALTER TABLESPACE
omm=#
--回收用户user2对testdb数据库的权限：
omm=# REVOKE ALL ON DATABASE testdb FROM user2;
REVOKE
omm=#
--在testdb中属于用户user2的数据库对象的处理方法可以是：假如该对象还有用，可以将该对象转移给其他用户；假如该对象没有用，可以直接删除掉该对象
--假设表test1已经没有用了，我们可以删除表test1：
omm=# \c testdb user2
Password for user user2:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "testdb" as user "user2".
testdb=> drop table test1;
DROP TABLE
testdb=>
--假设表test2还有用将表test2转移给用户user1：
testdb=> REASSIGN OWNED BY user2 to user1;
REASSIGN OWNED
testdb=> \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+-------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
public | test2 | table | user1 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)
testdb=> \q
--执行删除用户的操作,可以删除user2用户
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# drop user user2;
DROP ROLE
omm=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
user1 | | {}
omm=#
课程作业
1、创建test10_tbs的表空间，在这个表空间中创建数据库testdb10
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# create tablespace test10_tbs relative location 'tablespace/test10_tbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# create database testdb10 with tablespace = test10_tbs;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
omm | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
postgres | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
template0 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
template1 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
testdb | user1 | UTF8 | C | C | =Tc/user1 +
| | | | | user1=CTc/user1 +
| | | | | user1=APm/user1
testdb10 | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
(6 rows)
omm=#
2、使用create user创建用户user10，登录数据库testdb10，创建测试表t1和t2
omm=# create user user10 identified by 'enmotech@123';
NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
user1 | | {}
user10 | | {}
omm=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
user1 | | {}
user10 | Sysadmin | {}
omm=#
omm=#\q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U user10 -W enmotech@123 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
testdb10=> \q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# grant all on database testdb10 to user10;
GRANT
omm=# alter user user10 sysadmin;
ALTER ROLE
omm=#\q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U user10 -W enmotech@123 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
testdb10=> create table t1 (
testdb10(> id int,
testdb10(> name varchar2(20),
testdb10(> age int,
testdb10(> constraint pk_t1_id primary key(id)
testdb10(> );
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pk_t1_id" for table "t1"
CREATE TABLE
testdb10=> create table t2 (
testdb10(> id int,
testdb10(> name varchar2(20),
testdb10(> age int,
testdb10(> constraint pk_t2_id primary key(id)
testdb10(> );
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "pk_t2_id" for table "t2"
CREATE TABLE
testdb10=> \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+------+-------+--------+----------------------------------
public | t1 | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
public | t2 | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)
testdb10=> \q
omm@modb:~$
3、使用create role创建角色role10，登录数据库testdb10
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# create role role10 identified by 'enmotech@123';
NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
role10 | Cannot login | {}
user1 | | {}
user10 | Sysadmin | {}
omm=#
\q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U role10 -W enmotech@123 -r
gsql: FATAL: role "role10" is not permitted to login
omm@modb:~$
4、将表t1直接删除，将前面创建的表空间和数据库、表t2转给role10，删除用户user10
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# \c testdb10 user10
Password for user user10:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "testdb10" as user "user10".
testdb10=> \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+------+-------+--------+----------------------------------
public | t1 | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
public | t2 | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)
testdb10=> drop table t1;
DROP TABLE
testdb10=> alter database testdb10 owner to role10;
ALTER DATABASE
testdb10=> alter tablespace test10_tbs owner to role10 ;
ALTER TABLESPACE
testdb10=> revoke all on database testdb10 from user10;
REVOKE
testdb10=> reassign owned by user10 to role10 ;
REASSIGN OWNED
testdb10=> \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+------+-------+--------+----------------------------------
public | t2 | table | role10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)
testdb10=> \q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# drop user user10;
DROP ROLE
omm=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
role10 | Cannot login | {}
user1 | | {}
omm=#
5、最后删除role10
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# \c testdb10 omm
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "testdb10" as user "omm".
testdb10=# reassign owned by role10 to omm ;
REASSIGN OWNED
testdb10=# alter database testdb10 owner to omm;
ALTER DATABASE
testdb10=# alter tablespace test10_tbs owner to omm;
ALTER TABLESPACE
testdb10=# alter tablespace test10_tbs owner to omm;
ALTER TABLESPACE
testdb10=# drop user role10;
DROP ROLE
testdb10=#
–学如逆水行舟，不进则退。
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