学习目标
掌握openGauss的用户和角色管理。
课程学习
使用create user创建的用户与使用create role创建的用户的区别在于，前者可以直接连接登录数据库，而使用create role创建的用户不能直接登录到数据库。必须添加LOGIN权限后，才能登录到数据库管理系统。
删除用户，首先需要将用户拥有的数据库对象转移或者删除。
1.环境准备
创建一个名叫test_tbs的表空间和一个名叫testdb的数据库：
root@modb:~# su - omm
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# create tablespace test_tbs relative location 'tablespace/test_tbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# create database testdb with tablespace =test_tbs ;
CREATE DATABASE
2.使用create user创建用户
使用create user创建的用户，具有登录权限。
--创建一个名叫user1的数据库用户，其密码为kunpeng@1234，并将数据库testdb所有的权限都授予用户user1：omm=# CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234'; NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure. CREATE ROLE omm=# GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb TO user1; GRANT--执行下面的gsql元命令，查看系统目前有哪些数据库：omm=# \l List of databases Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges -----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+------------------- omm | omm | UTF8 | C | C | postgres | omm | UTF8 | C | C | template0 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm template1 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm testdb | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =Tc/omm + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm + | | | | | user1=CTc/omm + | | | | | user1=APm/omm (5 rows)--执行下面的gsql元命令，查看系统目前有哪些用户：omm=# \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------+----------- gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatorad min, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} user1 | | {} omm=# \q--用刚刚创建的数据库用户user1登录到数据库testdbomm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. testdb=> \q
3.使用create role创建用户
使用create role命令创建的用户user2，没有登录权限。
--创建一个新的名叫user2的角色，并将数据库testdb所有的权限都授予用户user2：用户user2对数据库testdb具有的权限和用户user1一模一样。omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help.omm=# CREATE ROLE user2 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234'; NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure. CREATE ROLE omm=# GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb TO user2; GRANT--查看当前openGauss数据库集群由哪些用户：omm=# \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | {} | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------+----------- gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatorad min, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} user1 | | {} user2 | Cannot login omm=# \q --使用用户user2尝试登录到数据库testdb：omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb -U user2 -W kunpeng@1234 -r gsql: FATAL: role "user2" is not permitted to login
原因：
由于数据库用户user2是使用create role语句创建的，目前还不被允许登录到openGauss数据库管理系统。
4.授予用户user2登录权限后：
授予用户user2登录权限后，可以登录数据库。
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# alter user user2 LOGIN; ALTER ROLE omm=# \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------- gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} user1 | | {} user2 | | {} omm=# \q--现在我们已经授予了user2用户登录数据库的权限，可以正常登录数据库testdb：omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb -U user2 -W kunpeng@1234 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. testdb=> \q
5.删除用户和角色
删除用户，首先需要将用户拥有的数据库对象转移或者删除，回收权限。
-- 授予用户user2数据库超级用户的权限：omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# alter user user2 sysadmin ; omm=# ALTER ROLE--使用用户user2登录到数据库testdb，创建表空间test_tbs1、数据库testdb、表test1和表test2：omm=# \c testdb user2 Password for user user2: Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) You are now connected to database "testdb" as user "user2". testdb=> CREATE TABLESPACE test_tbs1 RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test_tbs11'; CREATE TABLESPACE testdb=> CREATE DATABASE testdb WITH TABLESPACE = test_tbs1; ERROR: database "testdb" already exists testdb=> CREATE TABLE test1(col int); CREATE TABLE testdb=> CREATE TABLE test2(col int); CREATE TABLE testdb=> \q--执行如下的命令，删除用户user2：omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# drop user user2; ERROR: role "user2" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it DETAIL: owner of tablespace test_tbs1 privileges for database testdb 2 objects in database testdb
可以看出不能删除用户user2的原因是：
1）用户user2拥有数据库testdb。
2）用户user2拥有表空间对象test_tbs1。
3）用户user2对数据库testdb具有权限。
4）用户user2在数据库testdb中有两个对象。
--要删除用户user2，必须先表空间对象和数据库对象的属主修改为其他的用户（如user1用户），或者干脆将其删除：omm=# alter database testdb owner to user1; ALTER DATABASE omm=# alter tablespace test_tbs1 owner to user1; ALTER TABLESPACE--回收用户user2对testdb数据库的权限：omm=# REVOKE ALL ON DATABASE testdb FROM user2; REVOKE--在testdb中属于用户user2的数据库对象的处理方法可以是：假如该对象还有用，可以将该对象转移给其他用户；假如该对象没有用，可以直接删除掉该对象--假设表test1已经没有用了，我们可以删除表test1：omm=# \c testdb user2 Password for user user2: Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) You are now connected to database "testdb" as user "user2". testdb=> drop table test1; DROP TABLE--假设表test2还有用将表test2转移给用户user1：testdb=> reassign owned by user2 to user1; REASSIGN OWNED testdb=> \dt List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage --------+-------+-------+-------+---------------------------------- public | test2 | table | user1 | {orientation=row,compression=no} (1 row) testdb=> \q--执行删除用户的操作,可以删除user2用户omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# drop user user2; DROP ROLE omm=# \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------- gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} user1 | | {} omm=#
课程作业
1、创建test10_tbs的表空间，在这个表空间中创建数据库testdb10
root@modb:~# su - omm omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# create tablespace test10_tbs relative location 'tablespace/test10_tbs1'; CREATE TABLESPACEomm=# create database testdb10 with tablespace = test10_tbs ; CREATE DATABASE
2、使用create user创建用户user10，登录数据库testdb10，创建测试表t1和t2
omm=# create user user10 identified by 'kunpeng@1234'; NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure. CREATE ROLE omm=# grant all on DATABASE testdb10 to user10 ; GRANTomm=# alter user user10 sysadmin ; ALTER ROLE omm=# \l List of databases Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges -----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+------------------- omm | omm | UTF8 | C | C | postgres | omm | UTF8 | C | C | template0 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm template1 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm testdb10 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =Tc/omm + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm + | | | | | user10=CTc/omm + | | | | | user10=APm/omm (5 rows)omm-# \qomm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U user10 -W kunpeng@1234 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help.testdb10=> create table t1(col int); CREATE TABLE testdb10=> create table t2(col int); CREATE TABLEtestdb10=> \q
3、使用create role创建角色role10，登录数据库testdb10
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# create role role10 identified by 'kunpeng@1234'; NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure. CREATE ROLE omm=# grant ALL on DATABASE testdb10 to role10 ; GRANT omm=# \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------- gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} role10 | Cannot login | {} user10 | | {} omm=# alter user role10 login ; ALTER ROLEomm=# alter user role10 sysadmin ; ALTER ROLE omm=# \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------- gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} role10 | | {} user10 |omm=# \q omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U role10 -W kunpeng@1234 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help.
4、将表t1直接删除，将前面创建的表空间和数据库、表t2转给role10，删除用户user10
testdb10=> drop table t1; DROP TABLEtestdb10=> \q omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# alter database testdb10 owner to role10 ; ALTER DATABASE omm=# alter tablespace test10_tbs owner to role10 ; ALTER TABLESPACEomm=# alter user role10 LOGIN; ALTER ROLE omm=# ALTER USER role10 SYSADMIN; ALTER ROLEomm=# \c testdb10 role10 Password for user role10: Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) You are now connected to database "testdb10" as user "role10". testdb10=> revoke ALL on DATABASE testdb10 from user10; REVOKEtestdb10=> alter table t2 owner to role10 ; ALTER TABLEtestdb10=> \q omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# drop user user10 ; DROP ROLE
5、最后删除role10
omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U role10 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
testdb10=> drop table t2;
DROP TABLE
testdb10=> \q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# alter database testdb10 owner to omm ;
ALTER DATABASE
omm=# alter tablespace test10_tbs owner to omm ;
ALTER TABLESPACE
omm=# drop user role10 ;
DROP ROLE
omm=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
omm=#
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