openGauss每日一练第17天|学习心得

第17天的学习内容是掌握openGauss DBMS索引的管理：创建索引、删除索引、查询索引的信息、修改索引的信息。

一、练习环境

二、练习内容及课程作业

索引是一个指向表中数据的指针。一个数据库中的索引与一本书的索引目录是非常相似的。
索引可以用来提高数据库查询性能，但是不恰当的使用将导致数据库性能下降。

接下来将用学习到的知识完成今天的课程作业。在作业之前，首先要准备测试环境。

su - omm
gsql -r

结果如下：

root@modb:~# su - omm
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# 

1.创建表，在表中创建索引

要完成以上的操作，仅需要执行以下的sql命令即可

--为表test的testnum列创建一个索引
drop table if exists test;
create table test(id serial primary key,testnum serial);

create index idx_test_testnum on test(testnum);

--查看索引
\di

结果如下：

omm=# drop table if exists test;
NOTICE:  table "test" does not exist, skipping
DROP TABLE
omm=# create table test(id serial primary key,testnum serial);
NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "test_id_seq" for serial column "test.id"
NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "test_testnum_seq" for serial column "test.testnum"
NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "test_pkey" for table "test"
CREATE TABLE
omm=# create index idx_test_testnum on test(testnum);
CREATE INDEX
omm=# \di
                      List of relations
 Schema |       Name       | Type  | Owner | Table | Storage 
--------+------------------+-------+-------+-------+---------
 public | idx_test_testnum | index | omm   | test  | 
 public | test_pkey        | index | omm   | test  | 
(2 rows)

omm=# 

2.通过hint使用索引

要完成以上的操作，仅需要执行以下的sql命令即可

--测试准备，创建表customer，并插入数据
CREATE TABLE customer
(
ca_address_sk integer NOT NULL ,
ca_address_id character(16),
ca_street_number character(10) ,
ca_street_name character varying(60) ,
ca_street_type character(15) ,
ca_suite_number character(10) ,
ca_city character varying(60) ,
ca_county character varying(30) ,
ca_state character(2) ,
ca_zip character(10) ,
ca_country character varying(20) ,
ca_gmt_offset numeric(5,2) ,
ca_location_type character(20)
);
insert into customer values
(1, 'AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA', '18', 'Jackson', 'Parkway', 'Suite 280', 'Fairfield', 'Maricopa County', 'AZ', '86192' ,'United States', -7.00, 'condo'),
(2, 'AAAAAAAACAAAAAAA', '362', 'Washington 6th', 'RD', 'Suite 80', 'Fairview', 'Taos County', 'NM', '85709', 'United States', -7.00, 'condo'),
(3, 'AAAAAAAADAAAAAAA', '585', 'Dogwood Washington', 'Circle', 'Suite Q', 'Pleasant Valley', 'York County', 'PA', '12477', 'United States', -5.00, 'single family');

--创建索引

create index customer_idx on  customer(ca_address_sk);

--通过hint强制使用索引，查看执行计划

EXPLAIN SELECT /*+ indexscan(customer customer_idx ) */ 
 * FROM customer WHERE ca_address_sk<100;

结果如下：

omm=# CREATE TABLE customer
omm-# (
omm(# omm(# ca_address_sk integer NOT NULL ,
ca_address_id character(16),
omm(# ca_street_number character(10) ,
omm(# ca_street_name character varying(60) ,
omm(# ca_street_type character(15) ,
omm(# ca_suite_number character(10) ,
omm(# ca_city character varying(60) ,
omm(# ca_county character varying(30) ,
omm(# ca_state character(2) ,
omm(# ca_zip character(10) ,
omm(# ca_country character varying(20) ,
omm(# ca_gmt_offset numeric(5,2) ,
omm(# ca_location_type character(20)
omm(# );
CREATE TABLE
omm=# insert into customer values
omm-# (1, 'AAAAAAAABAAAAAAA', '18', 'Jackson', 'Parkway', 'Suite 280', 'Fairfield', 'Maricopa County', 'AZ', '86192' ,'United States', -7.00, 'condo'),
omm-# (2, 'AAAAAAAACAAAAAAA', '362', 'Washington 6th', 'RD', 'Suite 80', 'Fairview', 'Taos County', 'NM', '85709', 'United States', -7.00, 'condo'),
omm-# (3, 'AAAAAAAADAAAAAAA', '585', 'Dogwood Washington', 'Circle', 'Suite Q', 'Pleasant Valley', 'York County', 'PA', '12477', 'United States', -5.00, 'single family');
omm=# INSERT 0 3
omm=# 

omm=# create index customer_idx on  customer(ca_address_sk);
CREATE INDEX
omm=# omm-# EXPLAIN SELECT /*+ indexscan(customer customer_idx ) */ 
 * FROM customer WHERE ca_address_sk<100;
                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 [Bypass]
 Index Scan using customer_idx on customer  (cost=0.00..8.27 rows=1 width=788)
   Index Cond: (ca_address_sk < 100)
(3 rows)

omm=# 

3.rename索引

要完成以上的操作，仅需要执行以下的sql命令即可

ALTER INDEX idx_test_testnum RENAME TO idx_test_testnum_new;

结果如下：

omm=# ALTER INDEX idx_test_testnum RENAME TO idx_test_testnum_new;
ALTER INDEX

4.重建索引

要完成以上的操作，仅需要执行以下的sql命令即可

--重建一个单独索引
ALTER INDEX  idx_test_testnum_new REBUILD;

REINDEX INDEX  idx_test_testnum_new;
--重建所有索引
reindex table test;

结果如下：

omm=# ALTER INDEX idx_test_testnum RENAME TO idx_test_testnum_new;
ALTER INDEX
omm=# ALTER INDEX  idx_test_testnum_new REBUILD;
REINDEX
omm=# 
omm=# REINDEX INDEX  idx_test_testnum_new;
REINDEX
omm=# 

5.移动索引到其他表空间

要完成以上的操作，仅需要执行以下的sql命令即可

--创建表空间myindex_ts：
 CREATE TABLESPACE myindex_ts RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/myindex_ts1';

--将索引idx_test_testnum_new移动到表空间myindex_ts：
  ALTER INDEX idx_test_testnum_new SET TABLESPACE myindex_ts;

--查看索引所在的表空间
 select * from pg_indexes where tablename = 'test';
--或
 select * from pg_indexes where indexname = 'idx_test_testnum_new';

结果如下：

omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE myindex_ts RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/myindex_ts1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# ALTER INDEX idx_test_testnum_new SET TABLESPACE myindex_ts;
ALTER INDEX
omm=# select * from pg_indexes where tablename = 'test';
 schemaname | tablename |      indexname       | tablespace |                                       indexd
ef                                        
------------+-----------+----------------------+------------+---------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
 public     | test      | test_pkey            |            | CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_pkey ON test USING 
btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default
 public     | test      | idx_test_testnum_new | myindex_ts | CREATE INDEX idx_test_testnum_new ON test US
ING btree (testnum) TABLESPACE myindex_ts
(2 rows)

omm=# select * from pg_indexes where indexname = 'idx_test_testnum_new';
 schemaname | tablename |      indexname       | tablespace |                                       indexd
ef                                        
------------+-----------+----------------------+------------+---------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
 public     | test      | idx_test_testnum_new | myindex_ts | CREATE INDEX idx_test_testnum_new ON test US
ING btree (testnum) TABLESPACE myindex_ts
(1 row)

omm=# 

6.删除索引

要完成以上的操作，仅需要执行以下的sql命令即可

drop index idx_test_testnum_new;

结果如下：

omm=# drop index idx_test_testnum_new;
DROP INDEX

三、总结

索引能够高效提高应用的效能，掌握索引的操作是很有必要的。