学习目标
学习openGuass数据库中如何对表进行修改

课程作业

1.1 创建表，为表添加字段

drop table if exists test;
create table test(
      id bigint,
      name varchar(50) not null,
      age  int default 20,
      primary key(id)
     );
NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "test_pkey" for table "test"
CREATE TABLE

--查看表test的信息
omm=# omm=# \d test

             Table "public.test"
 Column |         Type          | Modifiers  
--------+-----------------------+------------
 id     | bigint                | not null
 name   | character varying(50) | not null
 age    | integer               | default 20
Indexes:
    "test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default

--为表test新增一列，列名为sex，数据类型为Boolean：
omm=# alter table test add column sex Boolean;
ALTER TABLE
omm=# \d test
             Table "public.test"
 Column |         Type          | Modifiers  
--------+-----------------------+------------
 id     | bigint                | not null
 name   | character varying(50) | not null
 age    | integer               | default 20
 sex    | boolean               | 
Indexes:
    "test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default

1.2 删除表中的已有字段

--执行下面的SQL语句，删除刚刚添加的列sex：
omm=# alter table test drop column sex ;
omm=# ALTER TABLE
--执行下面gsql命令，再次查看表test的信息
omm=# \d test
             Table "public.test"
 Column |         Type          | Modifiers  
--------+-----------------------+------------
 id     | bigint                | not null
 name   | character varying(50) | not null
 age    | integer               | default 20
Indexes:
    "test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default

1.3 删除表的已有约束、添加约束

--表test上有一个名叫test_pkey的PRIMARY KEY约束。执行下面的SQL语句，删除这个约束：
omm=# alter table test drop constraint test_pkey;
ALTER TABLE
omm=# \d test
             Table "public.test"
 Column |         Type          | Modifiers  
--------+-----------------------+------------
 id     | bigint                | not null
 name   | character varying(50) | not null
 age    | integer               | default 20

omm=# select * from pg_constraint  where conname like 'test_pkey';
 conname | connamespace | contype | condeferrable | condeferred | convalidated | conrelid | contypid | conindid | confr
elid | confupdtype | confdeltype | confmatchtype | conislocal | coninhcount | connoinherit | consoft | conopt | conkey 
| confkey | conpfeqop | conppeqop | conffeqop | conexclop | conbin | consrc | conincluding 
---------+--------------+---------+---------------+-------------+--------------+----------+----------+----------+------
-----+-------------+-------------+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
+---------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------+--------+--------------
(0 rows)

--执行下面的SQL命令，为表test添加刚刚删除的主键约束：
omm=# alter table test add constraint test_pkey primary key(id);
NOTICE:  ALTER TABLE / ADD PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "test_pkey" for table "test"
ALTER TABLE
omm=# select * from pg_constraint  where conname like 'test_pkey';
  conname  | connamespace | contype | condeferrable | condeferred | convalidated | conrelid | contypid | conindid | con
frelid | confupdtype | confdeltype | confmatchtype | conislocal | coninhcount | connoinherit | consoft | conopt | conke
y | confkey | conpfeqop | conppeqop | conffeqop | conexclop | conbin | consrc | conincluding 
-----------+--------------+---------+---------------+-------------+--------------+----------+----------+----------+----
-------+-------------+-------------+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------+--------+------
--+---------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------+--------+--------------
 test_pkey |         2200 | p       | f             | f           | t            |    16389 |        0 |    16395 |    
     0 |             |             |               | t          |           0 | t            | f       | f      | {1}  
  |         |           |           |           |           |        |        | 
(1 row)

omm=# \d test
             Table "public.test"
 Column |         Type          | Modifiers  
--------+-----------------------+------------
 id     | bigint                | not null
 name   | character varying(50) | not null
 age    | integer               | default 20
Indexes:
    "test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default

1.4 修改表字段的默认值

--执行下面的SQL语句，将age的默认值变更为25
omm=# alter table test alter column age set default 25;
ALTER TABLE
omm=# \d test
             Table "public.test"
 Column |         Type          | Modifiers  
--------+-----------------------+------------
 id     | bigint                | not null
 name   | character varying(50) | not null
 age    | integer               | default 25
Indexes:
    "test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default

1.5 修改表字段的数据类型

omm=# alter table test ALTER COLUMN age TYPE bigint;
ALTER TABLE
omm=# \d test
             Table "public.test"
 Column |         Type          | Modifiers  
--------+-----------------------+------------
 id     | bigint                | not null
 name   | character varying(50) | not null
 age    | bigint                | default 25
Indexes:
    "test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default

1.6 修改表字段的名字

mm=# ALTER TABLE test RENAME COLUMN age TO stuage;
ALTER TABLE
omm=# \d test
             Table "public.test"
 Column |         Type          | Modifiers  
--------+-----------------------+------------
 id     | bigint                | not null
 name   | character varying(50) | not null
 stuage | bigint                | default 25
Indexes:
    "test_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) TABLESPACE pg_default

1.7 修改表的名字

omm=# ALTER TABLE test RENAME TO mytest;
ALTER TABLE
omm=# \d mytest
            Table "public.mytest"
 Column |         Type          | Modifiers  
--------+-----------------------+------------
 id     | bigint                | not null
 name   | character varying(50) | not null
 stuage | bigint                | default 25
Indexes:

1.8 删除表

omm=# DROP TABLE mytest;
DROP TABLE