前言:
最近参加了由opengauss、墨天轮、鲲鹏社区一起推出的活动《每日一练 opengauss 3.0.0 数据库在线实训课程》,共21天,墨天轮提供实操环境,特此记录学习笔记。
活动详情:https://www.modb.pro/db/551619
主题
学习openGauss表的创建、搜索路径和访问方法等
学习笔记
1.实验准备:
–创建表空间enmtbs、数据库enmdb、用户user1,并授予用户user1 SYSADMIN权限:
su - omm
gsql -r
CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/enmtbs1';
CREATE DATABASE enmdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;
CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
ALTER USER user1 SYSADMIN;
\q
|
root@modb:~# su - omm
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type “help” for help.
omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION ‘tablespace/enmtbs1’;
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# CREATE DATABASE enmdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=# CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY ‘kunpeng@1234’;
NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# ALTER USER user1 SYSADMIN;
ALTER ROLE
omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$
|
–以数据库用户user1的身份,连接到刚刚创建的数据库enmdb:
gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
|
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type “help” for help.
enmdb=>
|
–执行下面的SQL语句,创建enmschm1、enmschm2模式
create schema enmschm1;
create schema enmschm2;
|
enmdb=> create schema enmschm1;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=> create schema enmschm2;
CREATE SCHEMA
enmdb=>
|
2.创建表
默认情况下,在某个数据库上创建的数据库对象(本例是表testtable),都位于该数据库中的public模式中。
–查看默认搜索路径:
show SEARCH_PATH;
|
enmdb=> show search_path;
(1 row)
enmdb=> search_path
-~---------------
“$user”,public
enmdb=>
|
–创建一个测试表testtable,并插入一条数据:
drop table if exists testtable;
create table testtable(col varchar(100));
insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable!');
select * from testtable;
|
enmdb=> drop table if exists testtable;
NOTICE: table “testtable” does not exist, skipping
DROP TABLE
enmdb=> create table testtable(col varchar(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into testtable values(‘Hello from testtable!’);
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
col
-~----------------------
Hello from testtable!
(1 row)
enmdb=>
|
–查看当前数据库enmdb下的public模式有哪些表:
select table_catalog,table_schema,table_name,table_type
from information_schema.tables
where table_schema = 'public';
|
enmdb=> select table_catalog,table_schema,table_name,table_type from information_schema.tables where table_schema=‘public’;
table_catalog | table_schema | table_name | table_type
---------------±-------------±-----------±-----------
enmdb | public | testtable | BASE TABLE
(1 row)
enmdb=>
|
3.在不同的模式(public和enmschm1),可以创建同名的表testtable
前面2的实验是在public模式下创建表testtable,下面是在模式enmschm1中创建同名的表testtable:
–执行下面的命令,查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
show SEARCH_PATH;
|
enmdb=> show search_path;
search_path
-~---------------
“$user”,public
(1 row)
enmdb=>
|
–执行下面的命令,在会话级重新设置模式搜索路径为模式enmschm1:
SET SEARCH_PATH TO enmschm1;
|
enmdb=> set search_path to enmschm1;
SET
enmdb=>
|
–执行下面的命令,再次查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
show SEARCH_PATH;
|
enmdb=> show search_path;
search_path
-!------------
enmschm1
(1 row)
enmdb=>
|
–在数据库enmdb的模式enmschm1中创建表testtable:
create table testtable(col1 char(100));
\dt
|
enmdb=> create table testtable(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
----------±----------±------±------±---------------------------------
enmschm1 | testtable | table | user1 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)
enmdb=>
|
4.为enmschm1模式下的testtable插入一条测试数据
由于当前的模式搜索顺序为模式enmschm1,因此不需要指定模式名,就可以为enmschm1.testtable插入新行。
insert into testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm1!');
select * from testtable;
|
enmdb=> insert into testtable values(‘Hello from testtable in schema enmschm1!’);
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
col1
-~-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable in schema enmschm1!
(1 row)
enmdb=>
|
5.使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法访问表
虽然当前模式搜索顺序没有模式enmschm2,但是我们仍然可以在模式enmschm2中创建表,方法是使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法,来指定在哪个模式下创建、插入、查询表。
–执行下面的命令,查看当前的模式搜索顺序:
show SEARCH_PATH;
|
enmdb=> show search_path;
search_path
-~------------
enmschm1
(1 row)
enmdb=>
|
–执行下面的SQL语句,将在数据库enmdb的模式enmschm2中创建表testtable、testtable1、testtable2:
create table enmschm2.testtable(col1 char(100));
create table enmschm2.testtable1(col1 char(100));
create table enmschm2.testtable2(col1 char(100));
|
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable1(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.testtable2(col1 char(100));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=>
|
–并向模式enmschm2中新创建的表testtable,插入一行数据:
insert into enmschm2.testtable values('Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!');
|
enmdb=> insert into enmschm2.testtable values(‘Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!’);
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=>
|
–查看表中内容:
select * from enmschm2.testtable;
\q
|
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.testtable;
col1
-~-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!
(1 row)
enmdb=> \q
omm@modb:~$
|
6.openGauss在一个用户连接到enmdb数据库时,可以访问不同模式中的表。
– 以数据库用户user1的身份,连接到数据库enmdb:
gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
|
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type “help” for help.
enmdb=>
|
–查看当前会话的模式搜索顺序
show SEARCH_PATH;
|
nmdb=> show search_path;
search_path
-~---------------
“$user”,public
(1 row)
enmdb=>
|
– 查看不同模式下的表
select * from testtable;
select * from enmschm1.testtable;
select * from enmschm2.testtable;
|
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
c0l
-~----------------------
Hello from testtable!
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm1.testtable;
col
-~-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable in SCHEMA enmschm1!
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.testtable;
enmdb=> col1
–~----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!
(1 row)
enmdb=>
|
课后作业
1.创建一个表(默认,不指定模式),查看该表在那个模式下
|
enmdb=> create table testyy(col char(30));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------±----------±------±------±---------------------------------
public | testtable | table | user1 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
public | testyy | table | user1 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)
enmdb=> insert into testyy values(‘insert into testyy’);
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=>
|
2.使用一个用户连接到enmdb数据库,测试该用户可以访问不同模式中的表
|
enmdb=> \q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d enmdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type “help” for help.
enmdb=> select * from testtable;
c0l
-~----------------------
Hello from testtable!
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm1.testtable;
col
–~----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable in SCHEMA enmschm1!
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.testtable;
col1
–~----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello from testtable IN SCHEMA enmschm2!
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from testyy;
col
—~-----------------------------
insert into testyy
(1 row)
enmdb=>
|
3.在会话级设置模式搜索路径为:模式enmschm1,使用SchemaName.TableName的表标识方法访问表(创建表、插入数据和查询表中数据)
|
enmdb=> show search_path;
search_path
-~---------------
“$user”,public
(1 row)
enmdb=> set search_path to enmschm1;
SET
enmdb=>
enmdb=> create table test1(col1 char(30));
CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> create table enmschm2.test(col2 char(30));
enmdb=> CREATE TABLE
enmdb=> insert into test1 values(‘ceshi’);
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=>
enmdb=> insert into enmschm2.test values(‘ceshi2’);
INSERT 0 1
enmdb=> select * from test1;
col1
-~-------------------------------
ceshi
(1 row)
enmdb=> select * from test;
ERROR: relation “test” does not exist on gaussdb
LINE 1: select * from test;
^
enmdb=> select * from enmschm2.test;
col2
-~-------------------------------
ceshi2
(1 row)
enmdb=>
|
总结
通过第13天的学习,我了解了openGauss表的创建、搜索路径和访问方法。