第8天-openGauss中一个数据库可以存储在多个表空间中
学习目标
学习表空间与数据库对象的关系。
在musicdb数据库中创建的所有的表,没有指定表空间的名字,因此都创建在数据库默认的表空间music_tbs中,当我们在musicdb数据库中创建表warehouse_t1的时候,明确指定在表空间ds_location1中创建时,这个表会存储在这个指定的表空间。即一个数据库中的对象,可以位于不同的表空间.
课程学习
- 连接数据库,准备测试环境
#第一次进入等待15秒
#数据库启动中...
su - omm
gsql -r
--进入数据库omm,创建表空间、测试数据库
drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb;
drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb1;
drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb2;
drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb3;
drop tablespace IF EXISTS music_tbs;
CREATE TABLESPACE music_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test_ts1';
CREATE DATABASE musicdb WITH TABLESPACE = music_tbs;
--执行下面的SQL语句,创建用户user1:
CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
--授予user1数据库系统的SYSADMIN权限:
ALTER USER user1 SYSADMIN;
- 创建表空间、查看表空间
--执行下面的命令,查看当前表空间:
\db
--创建一个新的名为ds_location1的表空间:
CREATE TABLESPACE ds_location1 RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/tablespace_1';
--执行下面的命令,查看实例当前有哪些表空间:
\db
- 使用user1用户,访问musicdb数据库 ,在表空间ds_location1上创建表warehouse_t1:
\c musicdb user1
create table warehouse_t1 (col1 char(10)) tablespace ds_location1;
- 查看musicdb数据库目前有哪些表
select table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, table_type
from information_schema.tables
where table_schema not in ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema','dbe_perf');
- 查询表在那个表空间
系统表在默认表空间,非系统表在指定的表空间中(否则在默认表空间)
--建表warehouse_t1指定表空间ds_location1,查看表warehouse_t1所在的表空间:
select * from pg_tables where tablename = 'warehouse_t1';
--创建表warehouse_t12未指定表空间,则在默认表空间(不显示默认表空间名)
create table warehouse_t12 (col1 char(10));
select * from pg_tables where tablename = 'warehouse_t12';
- 查看openGuass数据库的默认表空间
select datname,dattablespace,spcname from pg_database d, pg_tablespace t where d.dattablespace=t.oid;
- 查询数据库的默认表空间上的对象
select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
from pg_class a
where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
and reltablespace='0'
order by a.relpages desc;
- 查询表空间ds_location1上的对像
\c musicdb user1
select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb
where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
and a.reltablespace=tb.oid
and tb.spcname='ds_location1'
order by a.relpages desc;
课后作业
- 创建表空间newtbs1、 ds_location1,查看表空间
#创建需要的表空间
omm=# create tablespace newtbs1 relative location 'tablespace/ts_1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# create tablespace ds_location1 relative location 'tablespace/tbs_1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
- 创建一个数据库newdb1,默认表空间为newtbs1
#创建数据库
omm=# create database newdb1 with tablespace = newtbs1;
CREATE DATABASE
- 创建用户user5,并授予SYSADMIN权限,访问数据库newdb1,在表空间ds_location1上,创建一个表newt1(表结构自定义)
#创建用户user5,赋权
omm=# create user user5 identified by 'kunpeng@1234';
NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# alter user user5 sysadmin;
ALTER ROLE
#使用user5用户,登陆到数据库newdb1,并建表
omm=# \c newdb1 user5
Password for user user5:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "newdb1" as user "user5".
newdb1=>
newdb1=> create table newt1 (name char(10)) tablespace ds_location1;
CREATE TABLE
- 查看表所在的表空间
newdb1=> \d pg_tables;
View "pg_catalog.pg_tables"
Column | Type | Modifiers
---------------+--------------------------+-----------
schemaname | name |
tablename | name |
tableowner | name |
tablespace | name |
hasindexes | boolean |
hasrules | boolean |
hastriggers | boolean |
tablecreator | name |
created | timestamp with time zone |
last_ddl_time | timestamp with time zone |
newdb1=> select * from pg_tables where tablename='newt1';
schemaname | tablename | tableowner | tablespace | hasindexes | hasrules | hastriggers | tablecreator | created | last_ddl_time
------------+-----------+------------+--------------+------------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------
public | newt1 | user5 | ds_location1 | f | f | f | user5 | 2022-12-22 15:16:15.883252+08 | 2022-12-22 15:16:15.883252+08
(1 row)
- 查看表空间newtbs1、 ds_location1上的对象
#查询newdb1的默认表空间为 newtbs1
newdb1=> select datname,dattablespace,spcname from pg_database d, pg_tablespace t where d.dattablespace=t.oid and datname='newdb1';
datname | dattablespace | spcname
---------+---------------+---------
newdb1 | 16574 | newtbs1
(1 row)
#查询表空间 newtbs1 上的对象, 即数据库的默认表空间上的对象,reltablespace=0
newdb1=> select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
newdb1-> from pg_class a
newdb1-> where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
newdb1-> and reltablespace='0'
newdb1-> order by a.relpages desc;
relname | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | reltablespace | relowner
------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+----------------+---------------+----------
pg_attribute | r | 184 | 1472 kB | 0 | 10
pg_proc | r | 140 | 1120 kB | 0 | 10
pg_depend | r | 59 | 472 kB | 0 | 10
pg_class | r | 52 | 416 kB | 0 | 10
pg_attribute_relid_attnam_index | i | 44 | 352 kB | 0 | 10
pg_proc_proname_all_args_nsp_index | i | 41 | 328 kB | 0 | 10
pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_new_index | i | 39 | 312 kB | 0 | 10
pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index | i | 39 | 312 kB | 0 | 10
pg_rewrite | r | 37 | 296 kB | 0 | 10
pg_depend_reference_index | i | 34 | 272 kB | 0 | 10
pg_depend_depender_index | i | 34 | 272 kB | 0 | 10
pg_description | r | 31 | 248 kB | 0 | 10
pg_attribute_relid_attnum_index | i | 30 | 240 kB | 0 | 10
pg_type | r | 20 | 160 kB | 0 | 10
pg_statistic | r | 19 | 152 kB | 0 | 10
pg_description_o_c_o_index | i | 16 | 128 kB | 0 | 10
pg_operator | r | 15 | 120 kB | 0 | 10
pg_class_relname_nsp_index | i | 14 | 112 kB | 0 | 10
pg_proc_oid_index | i | 13 | 104 kB | 0 | 10
pg_class_tblspc_relfilenode_index | i | 10 | 80 kB | 0 | 10
......
注释:
relkind: r-表, i-索引reltablespace:关联表空间id
#查询表空间 ds_location1 上的对象
newdb1=> select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
newdb1-> from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb
newdb1-> where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
newdb1-> and a.reltablespace=tb.oid
newdb1-> and tb.spcname='ds_location1'
newdb1-> order by a.relpages desc;
relname | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | reltablespace | relowner
---------+---------+----------+----------------+---------------+----------
newt1 | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 16575 | 16577
(1 row)
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