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openGauss每日一练第8天 | openGauss中一个数据库可以存储在多个表空间中

原创 Arron 2022-12-22
235

第8天-openGauss中一个数据库可以存储在多个表空间中

学习目标

学习表空间与数据库对象的关系。

在musicdb数据库中创建的所有的表,没有指定表空间的名字,因此都创建在数据库默认的表空间music_tbs中,当我们在musicdb数据库中创建表warehouse_t1的时候,明确指定在表空间ds_location1中创建时,这个表会存储在这个指定的表空间。即一个数据库中的对象,可以位于不同的表空间.

课程学习

  1. 连接数据库,准备测试环境
#第一次进入等待15秒
#数据库启动中...
su - omm
gsql -r
--进入数据库omm,创建表空间、测试数据库
drop DATABASE  IF EXISTS  musicdb;
drop DATABASE  IF EXISTS  musicdb1;
drop DATABASE  IF EXISTS  musicdb2;
drop DATABASE  IF EXISTS  musicdb3;
drop tablespace IF EXISTS music_tbs;

CREATE TABLESPACE music_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test_ts1';
CREATE DATABASE musicdb  WITH TABLESPACE = music_tbs;

--执行下面的SQL语句,创建用户user1:

 CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
 
--授予user1数据库系统的SYSADMIN权限:

ALTER USER user1 SYSADMIN;
  1. 创建表空间、查看表空间
--执行下面的命令,查看当前表空间:
\db
 
--创建一个新的名为ds_location1的表空间:
 
 CREATE TABLESPACE ds_location1 RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/tablespace_1';
 
--执行下面的命令,查看实例当前有哪些表空间:
\db
  1. 使用user1用户,访问musicdb数据库 ,在表空间ds_location1上创建表warehouse_t1:
\c musicdb user1

 create table warehouse_t1 (col1 char(10)) tablespace ds_location1;
  1. 查看musicdb数据库目前有哪些表
select table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, table_type
  from information_schema.tables
   where table_schema not in ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema','dbe_perf');
  1. 查询表在那个表空间

系统表在默认表空间,非系统表在指定的表空间中(否则在默认表空间)

--建表warehouse_t1指定表空间ds_location1,查看表warehouse_t1所在的表空间:
select * from pg_tables where tablename = 'warehouse_t1';

--创建表warehouse_t12未指定表空间,则在默认表空间(不显示默认表空间名)
create table warehouse_t12 (col1 char(10));
select * from pg_tables where tablename = 'warehouse_t12';
  1. 查看openGuass数据库的默认表空间
select datname,dattablespace,spcname from pg_database d, pg_tablespace t where d.dattablespace=t.oid;
  1. 查询数据库的默认表空间上的对象
select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner  
from pg_class a  
where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')  
and reltablespace='0'  
order by a.relpages desc;
  1. 查询表空间ds_location1上的对像
\c musicdb user1
select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner  
from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb  
where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')  
and a.reltablespace=tb.oid  
and tb.spcname='ds_location1'  
order by a.relpages desc;

课后作业

  1. 创建表空间newtbs1、 ds_location1,查看表空间
#创建需要的表空间
omm=# create tablespace newtbs1 relative location 'tablespace/ts_1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# create tablespace ds_location1 relative location 'tablespace/tbs_1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
  1. 创建一个数据库newdb1,默认表空间为newtbs1
#创建数据库
omm=# create database newdb1 with tablespace = newtbs1;
CREATE DATABASE
  1. 创建用户user5,并授予SYSADMIN权限,访问数据库newdb1,在表空间ds_location1上,创建一个表newt1(表结构自定义)
#创建用户user5,赋权
omm=# create user user5 identified by 'kunpeng@1234';
NOTICE:  The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# alter user user5 sysadmin;
ALTER ROLE
#使用user5用户,登陆到数据库newdb1,并建表
omm=# \c newdb1 user5
Password for user user5: 
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "newdb1" as user "user5".
newdb1=> 
newdb1=> create table newt1 (name char(10)) tablespace ds_location1;
CREATE TABLE
  1. 查看表所在的表空间
newdb1=> \d pg_tables;
             View "pg_catalog.pg_tables"
    Column     |           Type           | Modifiers 
---------------+--------------------------+-----------
 schemaname    | name                     | 
 tablename     | name                     | 
 tableowner    | name                     | 
 tablespace    | name                     | 
 hasindexes    | boolean                  | 
 hasrules      | boolean                  | 
 hastriggers   | boolean                  | 
 tablecreator  | name                     | 
 created       | timestamp with time zone | 
 last_ddl_time | timestamp with time zone | 
newdb1=> select * from pg_tables where tablename='newt1';
 schemaname | tablename | tableowner |  tablespace  | hasindexes | hasrules | hastriggers | tablecreator |            created            |         last_ddl_time         
------------+-----------+------------+--------------+------------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------
 public     | newt1     | user5      | ds_location1 | f          | f        | f           | user5        | 2022-12-22 15:16:15.883252+08 | 2022-12-22 15:16:15.883252+08
(1 row)
  1. 查看表空间newtbs1、 ds_location1上的对象
#查询newdb1的默认表空间为 newtbs1
newdb1=> select datname,dattablespace,spcname from pg_database d, pg_tablespace t where d.dattablespace=t.oid and datname='newdb1';
 datname | dattablespace | spcname 
---------+---------------+---------
 newdb1  |         16574 | newtbs1
(1 row)
#查询表空间 newtbs1 上的对象, 即数据库的默认表空间上的对象,reltablespace=0
newdb1=> select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner  
newdb1-> from pg_class a  
newdb1-> where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')  
newdb1-> and reltablespace='0'  
newdb1-> order by a.relpages desc;
                    relname                     | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | reltablespace | relowner 
------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+----------------+---------------+----------
 pg_attribute                                   | r       |      184 | 1472 kB        |             0 |       10
 pg_proc                                        | r       |      140 | 1120 kB        |             0 |       10
 pg_depend                                      | r       |       59 | 472 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_class                                       | r       |       52 | 416 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_attribute_relid_attnam_index                | i       |       44 | 352 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_proc_proname_all_args_nsp_index             | i       |       41 | 328 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_new_index             | i       |       39 | 312 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index                 | i       |       39 | 312 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_rewrite                                     | r       |       37 | 296 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_depend_reference_index                      | i       |       34 | 272 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_depend_depender_index                       | i       |       34 | 272 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_description                                 | r       |       31 | 248 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_attribute_relid_attnum_index                | i       |       30 | 240 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_type                                        | r       |       20 | 160 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_statistic                                   | r       |       19 | 152 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_description_o_c_o_index                     | i       |       16 | 128 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_operator                                    | r       |       15 | 120 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_class_relname_nsp_index                     | i       |       14 | 112 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_proc_oid_index                              | i       |       13 | 104 kB         |             0 |       10
 pg_class_tblspc_relfilenode_index              | i       |       10 | 80 kB          |             0 |       10
......

注释

  • relkind: r-表, i-索引
  • reltablespace:关联表空间id
#查询表空间 ds_location1 上的对象
newdb1=> select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner  
newdb1-> from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb  
newdb1-> where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')  
newdb1-> and a.reltablespace=tb.oid  
newdb1-> and tb.spcname='ds_location1'  
newdb1-> order by a.relpages desc;
 relname | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | reltablespace | relowner 
---------+---------+----------+----------------+---------------+----------
 newt1   | r       |        0 | 0 bytes        |         16575 |    16577
(1 row)
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