Catalog Additional Files
1. Add backup pieces and image copies on disk to the RMAN repository。把RMAN不知道的备份信息加入到RMAN
2. Record a data file copy as a level 0 incremental backup in the RMAN repository, which enables you to use it as part of an incremental backup strategy。你的文件拷贝作为0级别增量备份 ，加入到RMAN列表
catalog目录需要专门创建一个用于恢复的数据库
1. 创建表空间
SQL> create tablespace rman datafile '+data' size 50M extent management local uniform size 128K;
2. 创建用户
SQL> create user rman identified by rman default tablespace rman temporary tablespace temp quota unlimited on rman;
User created.
3. 授权
SQL> grant connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner to rman;
Grant succeeded.
4. 创建恢复目录
$ rman catalog rman/rman
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> create catalog;
recovery catalog created
5. 注册需要备份的数据库
注册数据库需要同时连接到目标（target）数据库和目录（catalog）数据库
[oracle@oracleEDU ~]$ rman catalog rman/rman target sys/orcl
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Sep 3 00:20:16 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1479315187)
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> register database;
database registered in recovery catalog
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
6. 注销已注册的数据库
RMAN>unregister database;
7. 使用catalog数据库对目标数据库进行备份
RMAN> create script fullback{
backup full tag 'sys' database
include current controlfile format '+fra'
plus archivelog format '+fra'
delete all input;
}
created script fullback
RMAN>run{execute script fullbk;} #调用脚本
删除脚本：
RMAN>delete script fullbk;
查看备份信息：
RMAN> list backupset;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
94 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:04 03-SEP-17
BP Key: 97 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: SYS
Piece Name: +FRA/orcl/backupset/2017_09_03/ncsnf0_sys_0.353.953686751
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 03-SEP-17
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1145820 Ckp time: 03-SEP-17
把RMAN信息加入到catalog：
RMAN> catalog recovery area;
searching for all files in the recovery area
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: +fra/ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2017_08_09/thread_1_seq_54.367.951532267
File Name: +fra/ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2017_08_08/thread_1_seq_53.366.951456471
File Name: +fra/ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2017_08_02/thread_1_seq_28.320.950954531
File Name: +fra/ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2017_08_02/thread_1_seq_29.332.950954531
File Name: +fra/ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2017_08_02/thread_1_seq_32.365.950956275
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: +fra/ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2017_08_09/thread_1_seq_54.367.951532267
File Name: +fra/ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2017_08_08/thread_1_seq_53.366.951456471
File Name: +fra/ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2017_08_02/thread_1_seq_28.320.950954531
File Name: +fra/ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2017_08_02/thread_1_seq_29.332.950954531
File Name: +fra/ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2017_08_02/thread_1_seq_32.365.950956275
List of files in Recovery Area not managed by the database
==========================================================
File Name: +FRA/orcl/backupset/2017_09_03/ncsnf0_sys_0.353.953686751
RMAN-07527: Reason: File was not created using DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST initialization parameter
number of files not managed by recovery area is 1, totaling 9.36MB
RMAN> list backup summary;
List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
94 B F A DISK 03-SEP-17 1 1 NO SYS
143 B F A DISK 03-SEP-17 1 1 NO TAG20170903T011046
144 B F A DISK 03-SEP-17 1 1 NO TAG20170903T011101
建议：以后把备份集存储快速恢复区 （集中管理，直接用catalog RECOVERY AREA; 重新加入RMAN)
手工备份，把备份加入到RMAN列表;
手工备份：
SQL> alter tablespace users begin backup;
$ su - grid
$ asmcmd
cp +data/orcl/datafile/USERS.263.951533911 u01/app/oracle/user.back
SQL> alter tablespace users end backup;
RMAN不知道手工备份：
RMAN> list copy of datafile 4;
specification does not match any datafile copy in the repository
加入到catalog（作为0级增量备份）：
RMAN> catalog datafilecopy '/u01/app/oracle/user.back' level 0;
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/user.back RECID=3 STAMP=953688662
查看加入RMAN的手工备份：
RMAN> list copy of datafile 4;
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
3 4 A 03-SEP-17 1147256 03-SEP-17
Name: u01/app/oracle/user.back
参考手册：Backup and Recovery Reference
