Oracle --Oracle 11.2.0.4静默安装

原创听见风的声音 2023-01-17

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1 下载安装包

Oracle 11.2.0.4的安装包共7个压缩文件，可以分别解压每个压缩文件，安装数据库时需要解压前两个安装包。第三个包是grid安装包，在安装rac时首先安装这个包。

前两个包的名字是：

[oracle@my_ob tmp]$ ls -l p133*
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1395582860 Sep  6 14:57 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1151304589 Sep  7 09:57 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

用unzip命令解压这两个文件，默认这两个文件都会解压到当前目录的database目录下。要注意的是这两个包都要解压，如果直接压第一个包，Oracle软件的安装、监听器创建都会成功，创建数据库时会报找不到数据库模板错误。

2 创建Oracle数据库组和用户

以下脚本在root用户下执行

groupadd -g 500 oinstall
groupadd -g 501 dba
useradd -u 500 -g oinstall -G dba oracle

创建用户后，给这个用户创建一个密码

#passwd oracle

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

这里可以只创建Oracle base目录，Oracle home目录和inventory目录在安装过程中会自动创建。

更改目录属主和权限

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
chmod -R 755 /u01/

4 编辑用户环境变量

用vi编辑oracle 用户home目录下.bash_profile文件，在文件末尾加入以下内容。

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=Oracle11g
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

5 编辑oracle用户资源限制

echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nofile 10240" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft stack 10240" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard stack 32768" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "*  soft memlock 104857600" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "*  hard memlock 104857600" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

6 编辑操作系统核心参数

echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf #configure linux kernel aio
echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmall = 2097152" >> /etc/sysctl.conf #total share memory segment in pages
echo "kernel.shmmax = 536870912" >> /etc/sysctl.conf #size in bytes recommend more than half of total memory
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

编辑完了使用sysctl -p 命令使参数生效。

7 编辑/etc/pam.d/login

64位操作系统需要编辑这个文件

echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login

8 安装依赖包

yum install  gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel

安装完之后检验以下所需的依赖包是否都已安装

rpm -q  gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel | grep  'not installed'

上面这个命令的输出结果应该是空的。

9 安装数据库软件

9.1 准备响应文件

在解压目录的response目录下有三个响应文件模板

[root@my_ob database]# ls -l response
    total 80
    -rwxrwxrwx 1 root   root     44533 Aug 27  2013 dbca.rsp
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 25116 Sep  6 16:35 db_install.rsp
    -rwxrwxrwx 1 root   root      5871 Aug 27  2013 netca.rsp

db_install.rsp是数据库软件安装的响应文件模板，可以根据自己的需要编辑后用户数据库软件的静默安装。本次安装的用的响应文件如下：

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=my_ob
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES

这个响应文件只安装软件，不创建数据库，（oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY），不进行安全更新和自动更新。

9.2 运行runInstaller命令进行安装

以下命令如无提示，都在oracle用户下执行。

[oracle@my_ob database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -noconfig -ignorePrereq -responseFile /tmp/database/db_install.rsp
    Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

    Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 13838 MB    Passed
    Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 6143 MB    Passed
    Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2022-09-06_04-52-51PM. Please wait ...[oracle@my_ob database]$ You can find the log of this install session at:
     /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2022-09-06_04-52-51PM.log
    The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.
    Please check '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2022-09-06_04-52-51PM.log' for more details.

    As a root user, execute the following script(s):
            1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
            2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh


    Successfully Setup Software.

9.3 运行脚本

根据提示以root身份运行2个脚本。

[root@my_ob tmp]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
    Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
    Adding read,write permissions for group.
    Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

    Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
    The execution of the script is complete.
[root@my_ob tmp]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
    Check /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/install/root_my_ob_2022-09-06_16-55-45.log for the output of root script

10 创建监听

监听的创建使用监听响应文件模板即可，不用做任何修改，将创建一个名字为Listener的监听。

oracle@my_ob database]$ netca /silent -responsefile /tmp/database/netca.rsp
    Parsing command line arguments:
        Parameter "silent" = true
        Parameter "responsefile" = /tmp/database/netca.rsp
    Done parsing command line arguments.
    Oracle Net Services Configuration:
    Profile configuration complete.
    Oracle Net Listener Startup:
        Running Listener Control:
          /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
        Listener Control complete.
        Listener started successfully.
    Listener configuration complete.
    Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

11 创建数据库

11.1 准备响应文件

拷贝编辑dbca.rsp,这个响应文件有非常详细的说明，大部分选项都是非强制的，有默认值，本次安装的响应文件如下：

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"
SID = "orcl11g"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
SYSPASSWORD = sys
SYSTEMPASSWORD = system
CHARACTERSET = ZHS16GBK
NATIONALCHARACTERSET= AL16UTF16

11.2 创建数据库

[oracle@my_ob ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /tmp/database/dbca.rsp
      Copying database files
      1% complete
      3% complete
      11% complete
      18% complete
      26% complete
      37% complete
      Creating and starting Oracle instance
      40% complete
      45% complete
      50% complete
      55% complete
      56% complete
      60% complete
      62% complete
      Completing Database Creation
      66% complete
      70% complete
      73% complete
      85% complete
      96% complete
      100% complete
      Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/orcl11g.log" for further details.

11.3 登录数据库，检查数据文件位置

SQL> select file_name, tablespace_name from dba_data_files
      FILE_NAME                                        TABLESPACE_NAME
      ------------------------------------------------ ------------------
      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/users01.dbf      USERS
      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/undotbs01.dbf    UNDOTBS1
      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf     SYSAUX
      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/system01.dbf     SYSTEM

默认的数据文件建立在$ORACLE_BASE/oradata目录下。

最后修改时间：2024-10-15 08:54:03

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