expect是一个自动化交互套件，主要应用于执行命令和程序时，系统以交互形式要求输入指定字符串，实现交互通信。脚本的执行方法与bash shell不一样，如：expect example.sh.
expect自动交互流程：
spawn启动指定进程---expect获取指定关键字---send向指定程序发送指定字符---执行完成退出.
注意该脚本能够执行的前提是安装了expect
yum
install -y expect
expect常用命令总结:
spawn 交互程序开始后面跟命令或者指定程序
expect 获取匹配信息匹配成功则执行expect后面的程序动作
send
exp_send 用于发送指定的字符串信息
exp_continue 在expect中多次匹配就需要用到
send_user 用来打印输出 相当于shell中的echo
exit 退出expect脚本
eof expect执行结束 退出
set 定义变量
puts 输出变量
set
timeout 设置超时时间
示例：
1.ssh登录远程主机执行命令,执行方法 expect 1.sh 或者 ./1.sh
# vim 1.sh
#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn
ssh saneri@192.168.56.103 df -Th
expect "*password"
send "123456\n"
expect
eof
2. ssh远程登录主机执行命令，在shell脚本中执行expect命令,执行方法sh 2.sh、bash 2.sh 或./2.sh都可以执行.
#!/bin/bash
passwd='123456'
/usr/bin/expect
<<-EOF
set
time 30
spawn
ssh saneri@192.168.56.103 df -Th
expect
{
"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue }
"*password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect
eof
EOF
3.expect执行多条命令
#!/usr/bin/expect
-f
set
timeout 10
spawn
sudo su - root
expect "*password*"
send "123456\r"
expect "#*"
send "ls\r"
expect "#*"
send "df -Th\r"
send "exit\r"
expect
eof
4. 创建ssh key，将id_rsa和id_rsa.pub文件分发到各台主机上面。
1.创建主机配置文件
[root@localhost
script]# cat host
192.168.1.10
root 123456
192.168.1.20
root 123456
192.168.1.30
root 123456
[root@localhost
script]# ls
copykey.sh hosts
2.编写copykey.sh脚本,自动生成密钥并分发key.
[root@localhost
script]# vim
copykey.sh
#!/bin/bash
# 判断id_rsa密钥文件是否存在
if [ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ];then
ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
else
echo "id_rsa has created ..."
fi
#分发到各个节点,这里分发到host文件中的主机中.
while read line
do
user=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 2`
ip=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 1`
passwd=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 3`
expect <<EOF
set timeout 10
spawn ssh-copy-id $user@$ip
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
"password" { send "$passwd\n" }
}
expect "password" { send "$passwd\n" }
EOF
done <
hosts
5. shell调用expect执行多行命令.
#!/bin/bash
ip=$1
user=$2
password=$3
expect
<<EOF
set timeout 10
spawn ssh $user@$ip
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
"password" { send "$password\n" }
}
expect "]#" { send "useradd hehe\n" }
expect "]#" { send "touch /tmp/test.txt\n" }
expect "]#" { send "exit\n" } expect eof
EOF
#./ssh5.sh 192.168.1.10 root 123456
6.使用普通用户登录远程主机，并通过sudo到root权限，通过for循环批量在远程主机执行命令.
$ cat
timeout_login.txt
10.0.1.8
10.0.1.34
10.0.1.88
10.0.1.76
10.0.1.2
10.0.1.3
#!/bin/bash
for i in `cat
/home/admin/timeout_login.txt`
do
/usr/bin/expect << EOF
spawn /usr/bin/ssh -t -p 22022 admin@$i "sudo su -"
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r" }
}
expect {
"password:" { send "xxo1#qaz\r" }
}
expect {
"*password*:" { send "xx1#qaz\r" }
}
expect "*]#"
send "df -Th\r"
expect "*]#"
send "exit\r"
expect eof
EOF
done
密码过期需要批量修改密码
#!/bin/bash
for i in `cat
/root/soft/ip.txt`
do
/usr/bin/expect << EOF
spawn /usr/bin/ssh root@$i
expect {
"UNIX password" { send "Huawei@123\r" }
}
expect {
"New password:" { send "xxHuzzawexxi@1234#\r" }
}
expect {
"Retype new password:" { send "xxHuzzawexxi@1234#\r" }
}
expect "*]#"
send "echo Huawei@123|passwd --stdin
root\r"
expect "*]#"
send "exit\r"
expect eof
EOF
done
向一个脚本传递参数，bash shell是使用$1,$2...来接收参数的，而epxect则将脚本的执行参数保存在数组$argv中，在脚本中一般将其赋值给变量：set 变量名 [lindex $argv 参数]
实例：
写一个自动登陆远程主机的脚本，通过参数传递主机名，帐户，密码
1)编写脚本.
#!/usr/bin/expect
set ip [lindex $argv 0]
set username [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd [lindex $argv 2]
spawn
ssh -l $username $ip
expect
{
"yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]#" { send "df -Th\n" }
#expect
eof
interact
注意：若登陆后便退出远程终端，则写expect eof即可.
执行脚本:
#
expect example.sh 10.0.218.11 root LG_C7ntest-2988
