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首页 / Windows 上如何编译 go

Windows 上如何编译 go

生有可恋 2023-03-13
3130

在 Windows 上安装 golang 后，go 自身已经具备完整的 toolchain 即编译工具链。原生的 go 需要 C 编译器，但在 Windows 上我们可以使用 go 来编译自身。

首先我们要找到 go 的源码托管在哪儿，难道 go 不是托管在 github 上吗？我们在 go 的 github 项目首页可以看到，这只是一个镜像库，go 的代码库托管在它自己的源码网站上。

    # github 镜像库
    https://github.com/golang/go


    # 原始库
    https://go.googlesource.com/go

    首先下载 go 的源码，并 checkout 出一个指定版本：

      $ git clone https://go.googlesource.com/go
      $ git tag
      $ git checkout -b go1.20rc3 go1.20rc3
      $ git branch
      * go1.20rc3
        master

      Windows 的编译脚本是 go/src 目录，执行 all.bat 即可进行编译：

        C:\> cd d d:\gitRepo\go
        C:\> cd src
        d:\gitRepo\go\src> all.bat
        ERROR: Cannot find C:\Users\hyang0\Go1.4\bin\go.exe
        Set GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP to a working Go tree >= Go 1.17.13.

        编译时会报错，提示需要设置 GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP 变量。我们使用本机的 go 的 GOROOT 作为这个变量的内容。

          C:\> go env | findstr GOROOT
          set GOROOT=C:\Program Files\Go
          C:\> set GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=C:\Program Files\Go
          C:\> echo %GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP%
          C:\Program Files\Go
          d:\gitRepo\go\src> all.bat
          Building Go cmd/dist using C:\Program Files\Go. (go1.20.2 windows/amd64)
          go tool dist: cannot invoke C compiler ["gcc"]: exec: "gcc": executable file not found in %PATH%


          Go needs a system C compiler for use with cgo.
          To set a C compiler, set CC=the-compiler.
          To disable cgo, set CGO_ENABLED=0.

          因为 Windows 上没有安装 C 编译器，所以要禁用 CGO_ENABLED 选项。

            d:\gitRepo\go\src>set CGO_ENABLED=0


            d:\gitRepo\go\src>all.bat
            Building Go cmd/dist using C:\Program Files\Go. (go1.20.2 windows/amd64)
            Building Go toolchain1 using C:\Program Files\Go.
            Building Go bootstrap cmd/go (go_bootstrap) using Go toolchain1.
            Building Go toolchain2 using go_bootstrap and Go toolchain1.
            Building Go toolchain3 using go_bootstrap and Go toolchain2.
            Building packages and commands for windows/amd64.

            随后编译脚本开始对环境进行测试：

              ##### Test execution environment.
              # GOARCH: amd64
              # CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz
              # GOOS: windows
              # OS Version: 10.0.19044


              ##### Testing packages.
              ok      archive/tar     1.482s
              ok      archive/zip     1.481s
              ok      bufio   1.374s
              ok      bytes   1.583s
              ok      compress/bzip2  1.458s
              ok      compress/flate  2.676s
              ok      compress/gzip   5.540s
              ok      compress/lzw    4.312s
              ok      compress/zlib   2.508s
              ok      container/heap  1.119s
              ok      container/list  4.312s
              ok      container/ring  4.308s

              测试项如果不通过会停止编译，编译过程会有点长。

              还有一种替代方案是使用 gotip 编译：

                C:\> go install golang.org/dl/gotip@latest
                C:\> gotip download
                Cloning into 'C:\Users\hyang0\sdk\gotip'...
                remote: Finding sources: 100% (13139/13139)
                remote: Total 13139 (delta 1504), reused 8121 (delta 1504)
                Receiving objects: 100% (13139/13139), 26.97 MiB | 11.20 MiB/s, done.
                Resolving deltas: 100% (1504/1504), done.
                Updating files: 100% (12093/12093), done.
                Updating the go development tree...
                From https://go.googlesource.com/go
                 * branch            master     -> FETCH_HEAD
                HEAD is now at 70f98a2 errors: add ErrUnsupported
                Building Go cmd/dist using C:\Program Files\Go. (go1.20.2 windows/amd64)
                go tool dist: cannot invoke C compiler ["gcc"]: exec: "gcc": executable file not found in %PATH%


                Go needs a system C compiler for use with cgo.
                To set a C compiler, set CC=the-compiler.
                To disable cgo, set CGO_ENABLED=0.


                Success. You may now run 'gotip'!


                C:\> gotip version
                go version devel go1.21-70f98a2 Sat Mar 11 05:07:02 2023 +0000 windows/amd64

                编译完的 gotip 就是最新版本的 go ，可以执行 version 命令查看其版本号及编译时间。如果需要重新编译可以再次执行 gotip download 命令：

                  C:\> gotip download
                  Updating the go development tree...
                  From https://go.googlesource.com/go
                   * branch            master     -> FETCH_HEAD
                  HEAD is now at 70f98a2 errors: add ErrUnsupported
                  Building Go cmd/dist using C:\Program Files\Go. (go1.20.2 windows/amd64)
                  Building Go toolchain1 using C:\Program Files\Go.
                  Building Go bootstrap cmd/go (go_bootstrap) using Go toolchain1.
                  Building Go toolchain2 using go_bootstrap and Go toolchain1.
                  Building Go toolchain3 using go_bootstrap and Go toolchain2.
                  Building packages and commands for windows/amd64.
                  ---
                  Installed Go for windows/amd64 in C:\Users\hyang0\sdk\gotip
                  Installed commands in C:\Users\hyang0\sdk\gotip\bin
                  Success. You may now run 'gotip'!


                  C:\>

                  我本机的环境可能有点问题，基于源码的编译在环境检查阶段就失败了，晚点换个环境再试试。但基于 gotip 的能正常编译，而且速度很快。

                  参考

                    https://go.dev/doc/install/source

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