rhel_5_6_7_常用命令cheatsheet

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6次

2019-11-12

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SYSTEM BASICS

1 Be aware of potential issues when using subscription-manager

on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5: https://access.redhat.com/

solutions/129003.

2 Subscription-manager is used for Satellite 6, Satellite 5.6 with

SAM and newer, and Red Hat’s CDN.

3 RHN tools are deprecated on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

rhn_register should be used for Satellite server 5.6 and newer

only. For details, see: Satellite 5.6 unable to register RHEL 7

client system due to rhn-setup package not included in

Minimal installation (https://access.redhat.com/

solutions/737373)

TASK RHEL

View subscription information

/etc/syscong/rhn/systemid

subscription-manager identity

Congure subscription

rhn_register

subscription-manager

rhn_register

rhnreg_ks

subscription-manager

rhn_register

View system prole

sosreport

dmidecode

hwbrowser

sosreport

dmidecode

lstopo

lscpu

6 7

View RHEL version information

/etc/redhat-release

5 6 7

RED HAT ENTERISE LINUX 5, 6, AND 7

Common administrative commands

BASIC CONFIGURATION

TASK RHEL

Graphical conguration tools

system-cong-*

5 6

gnome-control-center

Congure network

system-cong-network

5 6

nmcli

nmtui

nm-connection-editor

Congure system language

system-cong-language

5 6

localectl

Congure time and date

system-cong-date

date

5 6

timedatectl

date

Synchronize time and date

ntpdate

/etc/ntp.conf

5 6

timedatectl

/etc/chrony.conf

ntpdate

Congure keyboard

system-cong-keyboard

5 6

localectl

Text-based conguration tools

system-cong-*-tui

5 6 7

Congure printer

system-cong-printer

5 6 7

Congure SSH

/etc/ssh/ssh_cong

/etc/ssh/sshd_cong

~/.ssh/cong ssh-keygen

5 6 7

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

TASK RHEL

View system usage

top

sar

iostat

netstat

vmstat

mpstat

numastat

top

sar

iostat

netstat

vmstat

mpstat

numastat

tuna

top

sar

iostat

vmstat

mpstat

numastat

tuna

View disk usage

iostat

6 7

Trace system calls

strace

5 6 7

Trace library calls

ltrace

5 6 7

Change process

priority

nice

renice

5 6 7

Change process

run location

taskset

5 6 7

Kill a process

kill

pkill

killall

5 6 7

SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT

TASK RHEL

Install software

yum install

yum groupinstall

5 6

yum install

yum group install

View software

info

yum info

yum groupinfo

5 6

yum info

yum group info

Update software

yum update

5 6 7

Upgrade software

yum upgrade

5 6 7

Congure

software

repository

subscription-manager repos

/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

5 6 7

Find le in

package

rpm -qf lename

yum provides lename-glob

5 6 7

View software

version

rpm -q packagename

5 6 7

View installed

software

rpm -qa

yum list installed

5 6 7

NETWORKING

TASK RHEL

Congure

rewall

iptables and ip6tables

/etc/syscong/ip*tables

iptables and ip6tables

/etc/syscong/ip*tables

system-cong-rewall

rewall-cmd

rewall-cong

Congure

name

resolution

/etc/hosts

/etc/resolv.conf

5 6

/etc/hosts

/etc/resolv.conf

nmcli con mod

Congure

hostname

/etc/syscong/network

5 6

hostnamectl

/etc/hostname

nmtui

View network

interface info

ip addr

ifcong

brctl

5 6

ip addr

nmcli dev show

teamdctl

brctl

bridge

Congure

network

interface

/etc/syscong/network-scripts/ifcfg-*

5 6

/etc/syscong/network-scripts/ifcfg-*

nmcli con [add|mod|edit]

nmtui

nm-connection-editor

View ports/

sockets

lsof

netstat

5 6

lsof

Congure

routes

ip route add

system-cong-network

/etc/syscong/route-iface

5 6

ip route add

nmcli

nmtui

nm-connection-editor

/etc/syscong/route-iface

View routes

ip route

5 6 7

USER MANAGEMENT

TASK RHEL

Graphical user

management

system-cong-users

5 6 7

Create user

account

useradd

5 6 7

Delete user

account

userdel

5 6 7

View/change user

account details

usermod

/etc/passwd

vipw

5 6 7

Create user group

groupadd

5 6 7

Delete user group

groupdel

5 6 7

Change group

details

groupmod

/etc/group

5 6 7

Change user

password

passwd

5 6 7

Change user

permissions

usermod

visudo

5 6 7

Change group

permissions

groupmod

visudo

5 6 7

Change password

policy

chage

5 6 7

View user

sessions

5 6 7

SECURITY AND IDENTITY

TASK RHEL

Congure system

security

/etc/selinux/cong

chcon

restorecon

semanage

setsebool

system-cong-selinux

5 6 7

Report on system

security

sealert

5 6 7

LDAP, SSSD,

Kerberos

authcong

authcong-tui

authcong-gtk

5 6 7

Network users

getent

5 6 7

SYSTEM BASICS

1 Be aware of potential issues when using subscription-manager

on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5: https://access.redhat.com/

solutions/129003.

2 Subscription-manager is used for Satellite 6, Satellite 5.6 with

SAM and newer, and Red Hat’s CDN.

3 RHN tools are deprecated on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

rhn_register should be used for Satellite server 5.6 and newer

only. For details, see: Satellite 5.6 unable to register RHEL 7

client system due to rhn-setup package not included in

Minimal installation (https://access.redhat.com/

solutions/737373)

TASK RHEL

View subscription information

/etc/syscong/rhn/systemid

subscription-manager identity

Congure subscription

rhn_register

subscription-manager

rhn_register

rhnreg_ks

subscription-manager

rhn_register

View system prole

sosreport

dmidecode

hwbrowser

sosreport

dmidecode

lstopo

lscpu

6 7

View RHEL version information

/etc/redhat-release

5 6 7

RED HAT ENTERISE LINUX 5, 6, AND 7

Common administrative commands

BASIC CONFIGURATION

TASK RHEL

Graphical conguration tools

system-cong-*

5 6

gnome-control-center

Congure network

system-cong-network

5 6

nmcli

nmtui

nm-connection-editor

Congure system language

system-cong-language

5 6

localectl

Congure time and date

system-cong-date

date

5 6

timedatectl

date

Synchronize time and date

ntpdate

/etc/ntp.conf

5 6

timedatectl

/etc/chrony.conf

ntpdate

Congure keyboard

system-cong-keyboard

5 6

localectl

Text-based conguration tools

system-cong-*-tui

5 6 7

Congure printer

system-cong-printer

5 6 7

Congure SSH

/etc/ssh/ssh_cong

/etc/ssh/sshd_cong

~/.ssh/cong ssh-keygen

5 6 7

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

TASK RHEL

View system usage

top

sar

iostat

netstat

vmstat

mpstat

numastat

top

sar

iostat

netstat

vmstat

mpstat

numastat

tuna

top

sar

iostat

vmstat

mpstat

numastat

tuna

View disk usage

iostat

6 7

Trace system calls

strace

5 6 7

Trace library calls

ltrace

5 6 7

Change process

priority

nice

renice

5 6 7

Change process

run location

taskset

5 6 7

Kill a process

kill

pkill

killall

5 6 7

SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT

TASK RHEL

Install software

yum install

yum groupinstall

5 6

yum install

yum group install

View software

info

yum info

yum groupinfo

5 6

yum info

yum group info

Update software

yum update

5 6 7

Upgrade software

yum upgrade

5 6 7

Congure

software

repository

subscription-manager repos

/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

5 6 7

Find le in

package

rpm -qf lename

yum provides lename-glob

5 6 7

View software

version

rpm -q packagename

5 6 7

View installed

software

rpm -qa

yum list installed

5 6 7

NETWORKING

TASK RHEL

Congure

rewall

iptables and ip6tables

/etc/syscong/ip*tables

iptables and ip6tables

/etc/syscong/ip*tables

system-cong-rewall

rewall-cmd

rewall-cong

Congure

name

resolution

/etc/hosts

/etc/resolv.conf

5 6

/etc/hosts

/etc/resolv.conf

nmcli con mod

Congure

hostname

/etc/syscong/network

5 6

hostnamectl

/etc/hostname

nmtui

View network

interface info

ip addr

ifcong

brctl

5 6

ip addr

nmcli dev show

teamdctl

brctl

bridge

Congure

network

interface

/etc/syscong/network-scripts/ifcfg-*

5 6

/etc/syscong/network-scripts/ifcfg-*

nmcli con [add|mod|edit]

nmtui

nm-connection-editor

View ports/

sockets

lsof

netstat

5 6

lsof

Congure

routes

ip route add

system-cong-network

/etc/syscong/route-iface

5 6

ip route add

nmcli

nmtui

nm-connection-editor

/etc/syscong/route-iface

View routes

ip route

5 6 7

USER MANAGEMENT

TASK RHEL

Graphical user

management

system-cong-users

5 6 7

Create user

account

useradd

5 6 7

Delete user

account

userdel

5 6 7

View/change user

account details

usermod

/etc/passwd

vipw

5 6 7

Create user group

groupadd

5 6 7

Delete user group

groupdel

5 6 7

Change group

details

groupmod

/etc/group

5 6 7

Change user

password

passwd

5 6 7

Change user

permissions

usermod

visudo

5 6 7

Change group

permissions

groupmod

visudo

5 6 7

Change password

policy

chage

5 6 7

View user

sessions

5 6 7

SECURITY AND IDENTITY

TASK RHEL

Congure system

security

/etc/selinux/cong

chcon

restorecon

semanage

setsebool

system-cong-selinux

5 6 7

Report on system

security

sealert

5 6 7

LDAP, SSSD,

Kerberos

authcong

authcong-tui

authcong-gtk

5 6 7

Network users

getent

5 6 7

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