Linux常用命令总结 - 墨天轮文档

Linux常用命令总结

一叶扁舟

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2020-06-18

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Linux



vim



etc 

home 

lib 

mnt 

usr unix ,

lost+found  ,

proc  ,

run 

dev  (device )

bin Linux (binary )

boot 

media 

opt 

root root

sbin  (superbinary )

srv 

sys  proc



 , /



.

..

  :cd-

yang@ecs-bd1b~:$

1.yang:

2.@: at,

3.ecs-bd1b:

4.~: ,

5.$:  #



ls 

-a(all)--

-R(recursive)--

-l-- , , ,



tree



 :sudoyum-yinstalltree(

centos )

cd

 (cd+path)

 ->cd./robertohuang/tomcat

 ->cd/home/robertohuang/tomcat

..->

.->

 (/home/robertohuang)

cd

cd~

cd/home/robertohuang

pwd

 (printfworkingdirectory

 )



 touch+

 mkdir+

mkdirworld-> world

mkdir-pworld/a/b-> -p



 rmﬁle1.txt

 rm-rfdir



r 

i 

f  ( )

cp



cpﬁle1.txtﬁle2.txt-> ﬁle1.txt ﬁle2.txt





cp-rdir1dir2-> dir1 dir2 

 dir2

scp

scp @ip:   ip copy

scp  @ip:  copy ip

scp-i ip   @ip:  copy ip

-r  cp



cat

catﬁle.txt-> " "



more

more+ -> ” “ ,



 :

ctrl+c q:

less

less+ -> ,



 :

ctrl+p  :

ctrl+n  :

q:

head head-5hello.c--> hello.c 10

tail tail-5hello.c--> hello.c 10

ln



ln-s/home/a.txta.test-> a.txt a.test



 = +



ln/home/a.txta.test-> a.txt a.test



 /

wc

wca.txt->



-c:

-l:

-w:

od 

du  (diskuse )

df  (diskfree )

which



whoami



chmod

 (changemod )



chmod[who][+|-|=][mode]

 who

u-- (user)

g-- (group)

o-- (other)

a-- (all)

 +-=

+--

---

=--

 mode

r--

w--

x--

 :chmodu+wxﬁle.txt



chown

 (changeowner )



chown+ + chownyangtext.txt

chown+ : + chownyang:yangtext.txt

chgrp



 chgrp+ +

chmod 



0-- (-)

1-- (x)

2-- (w)

4-- (r)

 +-=

+--

---

=-- ( =)

 :chmod777ﬁle.txt 777 ugo

chgrpyangtext.txt



ﬁnd

 -name ﬁnd -name

 -size ﬁnd -size



 :+ --+100k

 :- ---100k

 : --100k



M

k

 -type ﬁnd -type 

1.f->

2.d->

3.l->

4.b->

5.c->

6.s->socket

7.p->

grep

 grep-r+“ ”+



who



ps



a:(all)

u:

x: --



-e:

-f: UID,PPIP,C STIME

 psaux

kill

 kill-9666

env



top

 windows



ifconﬁg



ping



 ping[ ][ IP ]



-c :

-i :



nslookup

 IP



-s: shell

-g:

-d:

-m ,

 groupadd



deluser

userdel-rusertest  -r

 su

 sudopasswd

 exit

useradd -s/bin/bash  -ggrouptest -d/home/usertest  -m 



clear

Ctrl+l

 man

echo  python print()

echo

echo$PATH

echo$?

free

-m-> M

-g-> G

-k-> K

shutdown 

-t< >:



-k:

-r:shutdown

-h:

-n: init , shutdown



-f: , fsck ,

-F: , fsck

-c: shutdown

.tar

 ip

vi/etc/sysconﬁg/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0-> ip

servicenetworkrestart->

which  whichls



tarxvfFileName.tar

tarcvfFileName.tarDirName

.gz



gunzipFileName.gz

gzip-dFileName.gz

 gzipFileName

.tar.gz .tgz



tar-zxfFileName.tar.gz

tar-zcfFileName.tar.gzDirName

.bz2



bzip2-dFileName.bz2

bunzip2FileName.bz2

 bzip2-zFileName

.tar.bz2



tarjxvfFileName.tar.bz2

tarjcvfFileName.tar.bz2DirName

.bz



bzip2-dFileName.bz

bunzip2FileName.bz

.tar.bz



tarjxvfFileName.tar.bz

.Z



.tar.Z



.zip



.rar



uncompressFileName.Z

compressFileName

tarZxvfFileName.tar.Z

tarZcvfFileName.tar.ZDirName

unzipFileName.zip

zipFileName.zipDirName

.lha



rarxFileName.rar

raraFileName.rarDirName

lha-eFileName.lha

lha-aFileName.lhaFileName



h:

l:

j:

k:

gg:

G:

0:

$:

123G: 123



x:

X:

dw:

d0: ,

D: ,

dd:

ndd: n



u:

Ctr-r:



yy: ,nyy n

p: ,

P: ,



/hello-> hello

n:

N:

?hello-> hello

n:

N:

 r:



>>:

<<:

i:

I:

a:

A:

o: ,

O: ,

s:

S:

 :123-> 123



:s/abc/123-> abc

123

:s/abc/123/g-> abc

123



:%s/abc/123-> abc

123

:%s/abc/123/g-> abc

123



:10,30s/abc/123/g-> 10-30 abc

 123

Linux



vim



etc 

home 

lib 

mnt 

usr unix ,

lost+found  ,

proc  ,

run 

dev  (device )

bin Linux (binary )

boot 

media 

opt 

root root

sbin  (superbinary )

srv 

sys  proc



 , /



.

..

  :cd-

yang@ecs-bd1b~:$

1.yang:

2.@: at,

3.ecs-bd1b:

4.~: ,

5.$:  #



ls 

-a(all)--

-R(recursive)--

-l-- , , ,



tree



 :sudoyum-yinstalltree(

centos )

cd

 (cd+path)

 ->cd./robertohuang/tomcat

 ->cd/home/robertohuang/tomcat

..->

.->

 (/home/robertohuang)

cd

cd~

cd/home/robertohuang

pwd

 (printfworkingdirectory

 )



 touch+

 mkdir+

mkdirworld-> world

mkdir-pworld/a/b-> -p



 rmﬁle1.txt

 rm-rfdir



r 

i 

f  ( )

cp



cpﬁle1.txtﬁle2.txt-> ﬁle1.txt ﬁle2.txt





cp-rdir1dir2-> dir1 dir2 

 dir2

scp

scp @ip:   ip copy

scp  @ip:  copy ip

scp-i ip   @ip:  copy ip

-r  cp



cat

catﬁle.txt-> " "



more

more+ -> ” “ ,



 :

ctrl+c q:

less

less+ -> ,



 :

ctrl+p  :

ctrl+n  :

q:

head head-5hello.c--> hello.c 10

tail tail-5hello.c--> hello.c 10

ln



ln-s/home/a.txta.test-> a.txt a.test



 = +



ln/home/a.txta.test-> a.txt a.test



 /

wc

wca.txt->



-c:

-l:

-w:

od 

du  (diskuse )

df  (diskfree )

which



whoami



chmod

 (changemod )



chmod[who][+|-|=][mode]

 who

u-- (user)

g-- (group)

o-- (other)

a-- (all)

 +-=

+--

---

=--

 mode

r--

w--

x--

 :chmodu+wxﬁle.txt



chown

 (changeowner )



chown+ + chownyangtext.txt

chown+ : + chownyang:yangtext.txt

chgrp



 chgrp+ +

chmod 



0-- (-)

1-- (x)

2-- (w)

4-- (r)

 +-=

+--

---

=-- ( =)

 :chmod777ﬁle.txt 777 ugo

chgrpyangtext.txt



ﬁnd

 -name ﬁnd -name

 -size ﬁnd -size



 :+ --+100k

 :- ---100k

 : --100k



M

k

 -type ﬁnd -type 

1.f->

2.d->

3.l->

4.b->

5.c->

6.s->socket

7.p->

grep

 grep-r+“ ”+



who



ps



a:(all)

u:

x: --



-e:

-f: UID,PPIP,C STIME

 psaux

kill

 kill-9666

env



top

 windows



ifconﬁg



ping



 ping[ ][ IP ]



-c :

-i :



nslookup

 IP



-s: shell

-g:

-d:

-m ,

 groupadd



deluser

userdel-rusertest  -r

 su

 sudopasswd

 exit

useradd -s/bin/bash  -ggrouptest -d/home/usertest  -m 



clear

Ctrl+l

 man

echo  python print()

echo

echo$PATH

echo$?

free

-m-> M

-g-> G

-k-> K

shutdown 

-t< >:



-k:

-r:shutdown

-h:

-n: init , shutdown



-f: , fsck ,

-F: , fsck

-c: shutdown

.tar

 ip

vi/etc/sysconﬁg/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0-> ip

servicenetworkrestart->

which  whichls



tarxvfFileName.tar

tarcvfFileName.tarDirName

.gz



gunzipFileName.gz

gzip-dFileName.gz

 gzipFileName

.tar.gz .tgz



tar-zxfFileName.tar.gz

tar-zcfFileName.tar.gzDirName

.bz2



bzip2-dFileName.bz2

bunzip2FileName.bz2

 bzip2-zFileName

.tar.bz2



tarjxvfFileName.tar.bz2

tarjcvfFileName.tar.bz2DirName

.bz



bzip2-dFileName.bz

bunzip2FileName.bz

.tar.bz



tarjxvfFileName.tar.bz

.Z



.tar.Z



.zip



.rar



uncompressFileName.Z

compressFileName

tarZxvfFileName.tar.Z

tarZcvfFileName.tar.ZDirName

unzipFileName.zip

zipFileName.zipDirName

.lha



rarxFileName.rar

raraFileName.rarDirName

lha-eFileName.lha

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