NoSQL数据库笔谈v2.pdf
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NoSQL数据库笔谈数据库笔谈
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v0.2
2010.2
1. 序序 ................................................................................................... 3
2. 思想篇思想篇.............................................................................................. 4
CAP .............................................................................................. 4
最终一致性...................................................................................... 5
变体 ........................................................................................... 5
BASE ............................................................................................ 6
其他 .............................................................................................. 6
I/O的五分钟法则............................................................................ 6
不要删除数据 ................................................................................ 7
RAM是硬盘,硬盘是磁带.................................................................... 8
Amdahl定律和Gustafson定律........................................................... 9
万兆以太网 ................................................................................. 10
3. 手段篇手段篇............................................................................................ 10
一致性哈希.................................................................................... 10
亚马逊的现状............................................................................ 12
算法的选择 .............................................................................. 12
Quorum NRW............................................................................... 12
Vector clock................................................................................. 13
Virtual node................................................................................. 14
gossip......................................................................................... 15
Gossip (State Transfer Model) ..................................................... 15
Gossip (Operation Transfer Model) ............................................... 17
Merkle tree .................................................................................. 20
Paxos ......................................................................................... 20
背景 ......................................................................................... 20
DHT............................................................................................ 22
Map Reduce Execution .................................................................. 23
Handling Deletes .......................................................................... 23
存储实现....................................................................................... 23
节点变化....................................................................................... 25
列存 ............................................................................................ 27
描述 ......................................................................................... 27
特点 ......................................................................................... 28
4. 软件篇软件篇............................................................................................ 28
亚数据库....................................................................................... 28
MemCached .............................................................................. 28
特点....................................................................................... 28
内存分配 ................................................................................. 30
缓存策略 ................................................................................. 30
缓存数据库查询......................................................................... 30
数据冗余与故障预防 ................................................................... 31
Memcached客户端（mc） .......................................................... 31
缓存式的Web应用程序架构 .......................................................... 31
性能测试 ................................................................................. 31
dbcached.................................................................................. 32
Memcached 和 dbcached 在功能上一样吗? .................................... 32
列存系列....................................................................................... 33
Hadoop之Hbase ......................................................................... 33
耶鲁大学之HadoopDB................................................................... 34
GreenPlum................................................................................ 34
FaceBook之Cassandra ................................................................ 34
Cassandra特点 ........................................................................ 35
Keyspace ............................................................................... 35
Column family（CF） ............................................................... 35
Key....................................................................................... 35
Column.................................................................................. 35
Super column ......................................................................... 36
Sorting .................................................................................. 36
存储....................................................................................... 37
API ....................................................................................... 37
Google之BigTable....................................................................... 38
Yahoo之PNUTS .......................................................................... 39
特点....................................................................................... 39
PNUTS实现 ............................................................................. 39
Record-level mastering 记录级别主节点 ..................................... 39
PNUTS的结构........................................................................ 40
Tablets寻址与切分.................................................................. 41
Write调用示意图 .................................................................... 41
PNUTS感悟 ............................................................................. 42
微软之SQL数据服务 ...................................................................... 42
非云服务竞争者 .............................................................................. 43
文档存储....................................................................................... 43
CouchDB .................................................................................. 43
特性....................................................................................... 43
Riak......................................................................................... 44
MongoDB.................................................................................. 44
Terrastore ................................................................................ 45
ThruDB .................................................................................... 45
Key Value / Tuple 存储................................................................... 45
Amazon之SimpleDB.................................................................... 45
Chordless ................................................................................. 45
Redis ....................................................................................... 45
Scalaris .................................................................................... 46
Tokyo cabinet / Tyrant ............................................................... 46
CT.M........................................................................................ 47
Scalien ..................................................................................... 47
Berkley DB ............................................................................... 47
MemcacheDB ............................................................................ 47
Mnesia ..................................................................................... 48
LightCloud ................................................................................ 48
HamsterDB ............................................................................... 48
Flare ........................................................................................ 48
最终一致性Key Value存储 ................................................................ 49
Amazon之Dynamo ..................................................................... 49
功能特色 ................................................................................. 49
架构特色 ................................................................................. 49
BeansDB .................................................................................. 50
简介....................................................................................... 50
更新....................................................................................... 50
特性....................................................................................... 50
性能....................................................................................... 50
Nuclear .................................................................................... 51
两个设计上的Tips ...................................................................... 51
Voldemort................................................................................. 51
Dynomite ................................................................................. 52
Kai .......................................................................................... 53
未分类 ......................................................................................... 53
Skynet ..................................................................................... 53
Drizzle ..................................................................................... 53
比较 ............................................................................................ 54
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