
软件学报 ISSN 1000-9825, CODEN RUXUEW E-mail: jos@iscas.ac.cn
Journal of Software,2018,29(1):131149 [doi: 10.13328/j.cnki.jos.005433] http://www.jos.org.cn
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分布式数据库中一致性与可用性的关系
朱
涛
,
郭进伟
,
周
欢
,
周
烜
,
周傲英
(华东师范大学 数据科学与工程学院,上海 200062)
通讯作者: 周烜, E-mail: xzhou@dase.ecnu.edu.cn
摘 要: 随着各类应用在数据量和业务量上的扩展,单机数据库系统越发难以应对现实需求.分布式数据库能够
根据业务的需求动态地扩容,因此逐步开始受到应用的青睐.近年来,分布式数据库产品层出不穷,并在互联网应用
中被大量投入使用.然而,分布式数据库的系统复杂度前所未有.为了让系统可用,设计者需要在多种属性中作合理
选择和折中.从而造成现有的数据库产品形态各异、优缺点对比分明.至今为止,尚未有人对分布式数据库的设计空
间和折中方案进行过深入分析和整理.在对多个分布式数据库产品进行深入理解之后认识到:分布式数据库系统的
设计方案可以通过 3 个属性进行基本刻画——操作一致性、事务一致性和系统可用性.虽然这 3 个属性并不新颖,
但它们在数据库语境下的含义在文献中尚未得到充分澄清.对这 3 个属性进行澄清,并通过它们对典型数据库产品
的格局进行概括、对现有的分布式数据库技术进行综述.此外,还对这 3 个属性之间的相互关系进行深入分析,以期
帮助未来的开发者在分布式数据库的设计过程中做出合理选择.
关键词: 分布式系统;数据库;一致性;可用性;事务处理
中图法分类号: TP311
中文引用格式: 朱涛,郭进伟,周欢,周烜,周傲英.分布式数据库中一致性与可用性的关系.软件学报,2018,29(1):131149.
http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/5433.htm
英文引用格式: Zhu T, Guo JW, Zhou H, Zhou X, Zhou AY. Consistency and availability in distributed database systems. Ruan
Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software, 2018,29(1):131149 (in Chinese). http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/5433.htm
Consiste ncy and Availability in Di stribu ted Databa se System s
ZHU Tao, GUO Jin-Wei, ZHOU Huan, ZHOU Xuan, ZHOU Ao-Ying
(School of Data Science and Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China)
Abstra ct : The rapid growth of data and workload makes centralized database systems less and less favorable to today’s applications. A
distributed database system can scale out dynamically to satisfy the business development. As a result, it has gained much more attention
from applications. Since the needs for distributed DB became apparent, an increasing number of products have emerged and been adopted
by the Web. However, due to the complexity of distributed DB systems, their designers have to trade off among several desired properties,
resulting in dramatic difference in their designs and advantages. To the best of public knowledge, no one has performed a comprehensive
analysis on the design space and the tradeoff choices of modern distributed DB systems. After reviewing and understanding a significant
number of real world DB products, this study believe that a distributed DB system can be generally described using three dimensions—
operational consistency, transactional consistency and availability. While these dimensions are not new, their concepts are somehow
blurred in the literature. This paper clarifies the three concepts in the context of database, based on which can draw a sensible landscape of
the existing products and technologies. The paper also provides an analysis of the relationship among the three dimensions, intending to
help developers make right choice when designing new distributed DB systems.
基金项目: 国家高技术研究发展计划(863)(2015AA015307); 国家自然科学基金(61772202)
Foundation item: National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863) (2015AA015307); National
Natural Science Foundation of China (61772202)
收稿时间: 2017-09-16; 修改时间: 2017-10-16; 采用时间: 2017-11-07; jos 在线出版时间: 2017-12-01
CNKI 网络优先出版: 2017-12-04 08:57:39, http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2560.TP.20171204.0857.020.html
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