1、了解MySQL程序路径

MySQL数据目录: /home/mysql/data
MySQL程序目录:/usr/local/mysql5

2、修改MySQL服务启动程序

[root@ www.linuxidc.com ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql5/share/mysql/mysql.server
46 basedir=/usr/local/mysql5
47 datadir=/home/mysql/data

3、拷贝启动程序

[root@ www.linuxidc.com ~]# cp -ar /usr/local/mysql5/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

4、启动MySQL服务

[root@ www.linuxidc.com ~]# netstat -nltp |grep mysql
[root@ www.linuxidc.com ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.[OK]
[root@ www.linuxidc.com ~]# netstat -nltp |grep mysql
tcp00 0.0.0.0:33060.0.0.0:*LISTEN5877/mysqld

5、进入MySQL数据库

[root@ www.linuxidc.com ~]# /usr/local/mysql5/bin/mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.1.68-log Source distribution
Copyright © 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘h’ for help. Type ‘c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

6、MySQL服务的关闭与重新启动

[root@ www.linuxidc.com ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.[OK]
[root@ www.linuxidc.com ~]# netstat -nltp |grep mysql
[root@ www.linuxidc.com ~]# service mysqld restart
MySQL manager or server PID file could not be found![FAILED]
Starting MySQL…[OK]
[root@ www.linuxidc.com ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL…[OK]
Starting MySQL.[OK]
[root@ www.linuxidc.com ~]#

参考这个：https://www.modb.pro/db/518263，如果你调整了basedir和my.cnf ，这里面确实有点坑