首先，你没有发出你报错的截图，所以我无法回答你的问题！

unpivot语法：

unpivot(转换后增加的列名 FOR 原列名转为行之后对应的列名 IN (需要转为行的列名)

测试数据：

SELECT 'zhangsan' STUDENT,
   '20190709' BIRTHDAY,
   '90' CHINESE,
   '98' MATH,
   '95' ENGLISH,
   '89' HISTORY
FROM DUAL;

执行列转行转换：

SELECT STUDENT, BIRTHDAY, SUBJECT, MARK
FROM (SELECT 'zhangsan' STUDENT,
           '20190709' BIRTHDAY,
           '90' CHINESE,
           '98' MATH,
           '95' ENGLISH,
           '89' HISTORY
      FROM DUAL) UNPIVOT(MARK FOR SUBJECT IN(CHINESE,MATH,ENGLISH,HISTORY));