学习目标
学习表空间与数据库对象的关系。
在 musicdb 数据库中创建的所有的表,没有指定表空间的名字,因此都创建在数据库默认的表空间 music_tbs 中,当我们在 musicdb 数据库中创建表 warehouse_t1 的时候,明确指定在表空间 ds_location1 中创建时,这个表会存储在这个指定的表空间。即一个数据库中的对象,可以位于不同的表空间.
前面每日一练链接
openGauss 每日一练第 1 天 | openGauss 数据库状态查看
openGauss 每日一练第 2 天 | 学习 gsql 命令行的使用
openGauss 每日一练第 3 天 | openGauss 数据库状态查看
openGauss 每日一练第 4 天 | openGauss 中一个数据库可以被多个用户访问
openGauss 每日一练第 5 天 | openGauss 中一个用户可以访问多个数据库
openGauss 每日一练第 6 天 | openGauss 中用户一次只能连接到一个数据库
openGauss 每日一练第 7 天 | openGauss 中一个数据库中可以创建多个模式
课程学习
1.连接数据库,准备测试环境
#第一次进入等待15秒
#数据库启动中...
su - omm
gsql -r
--进入数据库 omm,创建表空间、测试数据库
drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb;
drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb1;
drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb2;
drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb3;
drop tablespace IF EXISTS music_tbs;
CREATE TABLESPACE music_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test_ts1';
CREATE DATABASE musicdb WITH TABLESPACE = music_tbs;
--执行下面的SQL语句,创建用户user1:
CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'JiekeXu_1234';
--授予user1数据库系统的SYSADMIN权限:
ALTER USER user1 SYSADMIN;

2.创建表空间、查看表空间
--执行下面的命令,查看当前表空间:
\db
--创建一个新的名为 ds_location1 的表空间:
CREATE TABLESPACE ds_location1 RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/tablespace_1';
--执行下面的命令,查看实例当前有哪些表空间:
\db

3.使用 user1 用户,访问 musicdb 数据库 ,在表空间 ds_location1 上创建表 warehouse_t1:
\c musicdb user1
create table warehouse_t1 (col1 char(10)) tablespace ds_location1;
omm=# \c musicdb user1
Password for user user1:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "musicdb" as user "user1".
musicdb=>
musicdb=> create table warehouse_t1 (col1 char(10)) tablespace ds_location1;
CREATE TABLE
musicdb=> \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+--------------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
public | warehouse_t1 | table | user1 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)
musicdb=> \d warehouse_t1
Table "public.warehouse_t1"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+---------------+-----------
col1 | character(10) |
Tablespace: "ds_location1"
4.查看 musicdb 数据库目前有哪些表:
select table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, table_type
from information_schema.tables
where table_schema not in ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema','dbe_perf');
musicdb=> select table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, table_type
musicdb-> from information_schema.tables
musicdb-> where table_schema not in ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema','dbe_perf');
table_catalog | table_schema | table_name | table_type
---------------+-----------------+--------------+------------
musicdb | db4ai | snapshot | BASE TABLE
musicdb | dbe_pldeveloper | gs_errors | BASE TABLE
musicdb | dbe_pldeveloper | gs_source | BASE TABLE
musicdb | public | warehouse_t1 | BASE TABLE
(4 rows)
5.查询表在那个表空间
系统表在默认表空间,非系统表在指定的表空间中(否则在默认表空间)
--建表 warehouse_t1 指定表空间 ds_location1,查看表 warehouse_t1 所在的表空间:
musicdb=> select * from pg_tables where tablename = 'warehouse_t1';
schemaname | tablename | tableowner | tablespace | hasindexes | hasru
les | hastriggers | tablecreator | created | la
st_ddl_time
------------+--------------+------------+--------------+------------+------
----+-------------+--------------+------------------------------+----------
--------------------
public | warehouse_t1 | user1 | ds_location1 | f | f
| f | user1 | 2022-12-01 23:12:03.81201+08 | 2022-12-0
1 23:12:03.81201+08
(1 row)
--创建表 warehouse_t12 未指定表空间,则在默认表空间(不显示默认表空间名)
create table warehouse_t12 (col1 char(10));
select * from pg_tables where tablename = 'warehouse_t12';
musicdb=> select * from pg_tables where tablename = 'warehouse_t12';
| f | user1 | 2022-12-01 23:19:13.319277+08 | 2022-12-0
1 23:19:13.319277+08
(1 row)
schemaname | tablename | tableowner | tablespace | hasindexes | hasrul
es | hastriggers | tablecreator | created | l
ast_ddl_time
------------+---------------+------------+------------+------------+-------
---+-------------+--------------+-------------------------------+----------
---------------------
public | warehouse_t12 | user1 | | f | f
musicdb=>
6.查看 openGuass 数据库的默认表空间
select datname,dattablespace,spcname from pg_database d,pg_tablespace t where d.dattablespace=t.oid;
datname | dattablespace | spcname
-----------+---------------+------------
template1 | 1663 | pg_default
omm | 1663 | pg_default
musicdb | 16389 | music_tbs
template0 | 1663 | pg_default
postgres | 1663 | pg_default
(5 rows)
7.查询数据库的默认表空间上的对象
select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
from pg_class a
where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
and reltablespace='0'
order by a.relpages desc;
8.查询表空间 ds_location1 上的对像
\c musicdb user1
select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb
where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
and a.reltablespace=tb.oid
and tb.spcname='ds_location1'
order by a.relpages desc;
musicdb=> \c musicdb user1
Password for user user1:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "musicdb" as user "user1".
musicdb=>
(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner , relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(
musicdb-> from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb
musicdb-> where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
musicdb-> and a.reltablespace=tb.oid
musicdb-> and tb.spcname='ds_location1'
musicdb-> order by a.relpages desc;
relname | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | reltablespace | relow
ner
--------------+---------+----------+----------------+---------------+------
----
warehouse_t1 | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 16395 | 16
391
(1 row)
课后作业
1.创建表空间 newtbs1、 ds_location,查看表空间
\db
create tablespace newtbs1 relative location 'tablespace/newtbs1';
create tablespace ds_location relative location 'tablespace/ds_location';
musicdb=> \db
List of tablespaces
Name | Owner | Location
--------------+-------+-------------------------
ds_location | user1 | tablespace/ds_location
ds_location1 | omm | tablespace/tablespace_1
music_tbs | omm | tablespace/test_ts1
newtbs1 | user1 | tablespace/newtbs1
pg_default | omm |
pg_global | omm |
(6 rows)
2.创建一个数据库 newdb1,默认表空间为 newtbs1
create database newdb1 with tablespace = newtbs1;
musicdb=> \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
musicdb | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
newdb1 | user1 | UTF8 | C | C |
omm | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
postgres | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
template0 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
template1 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
(6 rows)
3.创建用户 user5,并授予 SYSADMIN 权限,访问数据库 newdb1,在表空间 ds_location 上,创建一个表 newt1(表结构自定义)
create user user5 IDENTIFIED BY 'JiekeXu_1234';
alter user user5 sysadmin;
\c newdb1 user5
create table newt1 (col1 char(10)) tablespace ds_location;
4.查看表所在的表空间
select tablespace from pg_tables where tablename = 'newt1';
newdb1=> \d newt1
Table "public.newt1"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+---------------+-----------
col1 | character(10) |
Tablespace: "ds_location"
newdb1=> select tablespace from pg_tables where tablename = 'newt1';
tablespace
-------------
ds_location
(1 row)
5.查看表空间 newtbs1、 ds_location 上的对象
select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb
where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
and a.reltablespace=tb.oid
and tb.spcname in ('newtbs1','ds_location')
order by a.relpages desc;
relname | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | reltablespace | relowner
---------+---------+----------+----------------+---------------+----------
newt1 | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 16403 | 16405
(1 row)
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